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Sickle Cell Disease by Brian Wei and Gigi Pham

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Sickle Cell Disease by Brian Wei and Gigi Pham

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Sickle cell is also called the “Hbs disease”, or the “Hemoglobin SS disease.” But mostly, it’s called the “SCD” as an abbreviation.

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The disorder is a genetic disorder, due to a malfunction from hemoglobin genes, or known as hemoglobin S. It occurs when the hemoglobin S (sickle) gene is inherited from a parent and a normal hemoglobin gene is inherited from the other. This also happens due to a mutation found in chromosome 11, the chromosome that codes for hemoglobin. One base is changed. Typically, there’s less than 200,000 cases per year in the U.S.

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If you want to know if you have it, there are already prenatal tests for this disorder. To test with babies, it is usually done through amniotic fluid, or the liquid in the sac of a growing embryo, or a sample of the tissue taken from the placenta, the organ attaching the umbilical cord to the womb. If it is a newborn, drops of blood from a heel prick can be collected on paper and tested in a lab. Of course, this is just not limited to babies and infants.

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To diagnose this, this disorder is diagnosed by a simple blood test. It can be found at birth during routine newborn screening tests, or while the baby is still in the womb. If blood tests are too uncertain, then genetic testing can help determine if you have it, and which type you have, as there are several types of sickle cell disease.

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Unfortunately, it is an inherited gene, meaning that people who have sickle disease will most likely pass it onto their families through their children.

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A patient can have anemia, which is caused by the lack of red blood cells. Blood cells, instead of being smooth and round, become more skinny and rough, shaped like a sickle, how convenient. Since red blood cells carry oxygen, ones that block the blood flow can cause the patient to be lethargic and have a hard time breathing. A patient can also suffer from a stroke. A stroke occurs because the wrongly shaped cells can prevent oxygen from entering the brain. Jaundice can also occur, which causes the patient to turn yellow. Chest pain is also an example of a symptom.

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A patient showing symptoms of sickle cell disease.

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People that have relatives that had sickle cell disease are likelier to have the disease than others. In the country, African Americans are likelier to get the disease than other races. Many patients from a Hispanic or south European ancestry have had the disease.

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A patient of sickle cell disease can take medicines that treat pain. Digesting 8 to 10 glasses of water each day is also recommended. To stop an infection from occurring, treatment may include the usage of antibiotics and vaccines. In some cases, a bone marrow transplant is conducted. Blood transfusions are another method of treatment. This method minimizes the chance of a stroke and helps the fight against anemia. Folic acid can also be used to keep anemia from occurring. Hydroxyurea can also be used so that the patient needs less blood transfusions.

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The long term outlook is that it is essential to eat foods good for your health and to drink a lot of water. Avoid ingesting anything that can cause a problem with your blood vessels. Avoid locations in high places and any work that is exhausting.

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Treatment available for the disease

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In 1995, NHLBI-funded scientists found an effective sickle cell treatment, and 3 years later, the U.S. The Food and Drug Administration approved hydroxyurea to treat sickle cell disease in adults. Current research is being held at the Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, as part of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Advances in genetics over the last decade have made more effective gene-based treatments, allowing blood transfusions and developing more effective medical support for such a process, where patients are able to undergo bone marrow transplantation. Blood and bone marrow transplant is currently the only cure for many people with sickle cell disease.

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For anyone suffering with Sickle Cell Disease, look no further than to the Sickle Cell Disease Association of America Inc,  or SCDAA. This contains support groups that are located in multiple states, ranging from Oregon’s Sickle Cell Foundation, to Ohio’s Sickle Cell and Health Association.

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                                    Works Cited:

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                                    Works Cited:

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“Other Names for Sickle Cell Disease?” HOA - Hematology-Oncology Associates of CNY, 2019, www.hoacny.com/patient-resources/blood-disorders/what-sickle-cell-disease/other-names-sickle-cell-disease.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “What Is Sickle Cell Disease?” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 14 Dec. 2020, www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/sicklecell/facts.html.

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National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. “Sickle Cell Disease - Causes and Risk Factors | NHLBI, NIH.” Www.nhlbi.nih.gov, 24 Mar. 2022, www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sickle-cell-disease/causes.

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CDC. “Living Well with Sickle Cell Disease.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 21 Jan. 2010, www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/sicklecell/healthyliving-living-well.html.

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“Sickle Cell Disease Association of America Inc.” Sickle Cell Disease Association of America Inc., 2019, www.sicklecelldisease.org/.

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John Hopkins Medicine. “Sickle Cell Disease.” Johns Hopkins Medicine Health Library, 2022, www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/sickle-cell-disease.