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Open:
to people who create wealth for the UK

Shut policy:
to people who only come and consume the wealth of the UK

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Britishness:
- they like to have everything in order
- patriotism
- royal family
- island nation

Germanness:
- always on time
- need to plan everything
- high quality products
- barbecue and beer
- sandals with socks
- no speed limits
- they do not understand humour
- always correct

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People migrate for several reasons. These reasons may fall under these four areas: Environmental, Economic, Cultural, and Socio-political. Within that, the reasons may also be ‘push’ or ‘pull’ factors.

Push:
Push factors are those that force the individual to move voluntarily, and in many cases, they are forced because, the individual risk something if they stay. Push factors may include conflict, drought, famine, or extreme religious activity.

Low economic activity and lack of job opportunities are also big push factors for migration. Other push factors include race and discriminating cultures, political intolerance, and persecution of people who question the status quo.

Pull:
Pull factors are those factors in the destination country that attract the individual or group to leave their home. Those factors are known as place utility, which is the desirability of a place that attracts people. Better economic opportunities, more jobs, and the promise of a better life often pull people into new locations.

Sometimes individuals have ideas and perceptions about places that are not necessarily correct but are pull factors for that individual. As people grow older and retire, many look for locations with warm weather, peaceful and comfortable locations to spend their retirement after a lifetime of hard work and savings. Such ideal places become pull factors too.

Very often, people consider and prefer opportunities closer to their location than farther away. In the same vein, people like to move to places with better cultural, political, climatic, and general terrain in closer locations than locations farther away. It is rare to find people move over very long distances to settle in places that they have little knowledge about.

An immigrant is always crossing an international border and looking for permanent residency in another country

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A referendum on Scottish independence was first held in September 2014, when 55% voted against the proposal. One of the reasons cited by those opposed to Scottish independence was that it would endanger Scotland being part of the European Union (EU).

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The net migration rate for a given period of time is the difference between how
many people come from other regions to live in the region being discussed.
These migrations are known as immigration and how many people leave the region to live elsewhere,
which is known as emigration. A positive net migration rate means that more people are
moving into an area than are leaving it. Conversely, a negative net migration
rate means that more people are moving out of an area than are moving into it.
The net migration rate, just like many other population statistics, is most
often reported per 1,000 residents over a period of one year and using estimated mid-year population.

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Pro:
- Stereotypes are useful tools if you are in a new situation and need to make quick judgments and fast decisions --> Example: if you have never been around a member of royalty or someone of great political stature, you might stereotype them as being formal and reserved, which will help you to respond to them in a respectful manner that mirrors their behaviour.

Contra:
- to make a judgment about someone is that it might be completely misguided and incorrect
-  too simplistic to assume that groups of people share the same ideals and personality traits just because they have something in common like their dress sense, culture or taste in music

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affirmative action, in the United States, an active effort
to improve employment or educational opportunities for members of minority groups and for women. Affirmative action began as a
government remedy to the effects of long-standing discrimination against such
groups and has consisted of policies, programs, and procedures that give
limited preferences to minorities and women in job hiring, admission to
institutions of higher education, the awarding of
government contracts, and other social benefits. The typical criteria for affirmative action are race, disability, gender, ethnic origin, and age.

Pro:
- Equal social opportunity and status
- Support people that were discriminated in the past with better opportunities in the present
- can create a tolerate society
- students start at a disadvantage and they need a boost
- promotes equality
- people get support to stay in a country

Contra:
- dominant culture began to feel like their civil rights were being stepped on
- supports racism andit is a reversed discrimination
- not fair for the whole society
- hard work and ability does not count here - people in affirmative action programs are always first

Affirmative Action programs were first implemented in the 1960s. The original intent of the programs were to help minorities integrate into society in a more effective manner. Many minority groups were, and continue to be under-represented in many industries. This was seen as a structural issue and the US Government took steps to remedy this. Over time this became a hot button issue for many people. People from the dominant culture began to feel like their civil rights were being stepped on by these policies. The main area where this has been challened in courts is admission to Universities. There have been several Supreme Court cases that deal with the issue of Affirmative Action, and the various policies Universities have developed for their admissions programs. Universities have felt pressure from the Federal Government to take steps to make sure minorities are represented on their campuses, and this has led to issues that got taken to the Supreme Court. This lesson deals with both sides of this complex issue and asks student to make a stance on whether they agree or disagree with Affirmative Action.

The Case Against Affirmative Action | STANFORD magazine
The Case For Affirmative Action | STANFORD magazine

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If, after 25 years, affirmative action has not succeeded in ending discrimination, perhaps it is time to try something else.

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we speak of cultural diversity when people of different races, ethnicities, natinalities, languages, religions or sexual orientations live in a community.

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Eisberg