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British controlled India and Afghanistan named the Durand Line as the official border but when Pakistan gained independence in 1947, Afghanistan refused to acknowledge it.
The soviet invasion of Afghanistan forced many Afghans to seek refuge in Pakistan. The increase in refugee camps along the border, as well as radical fighters from these camps further fuelled tension.
In 2001, the Taliban in Afghanistan refused to surrender al Qaeda, pushing the to US step in. A new Afghan government was created but they too refused to acknowledge the legitimacy of the Durand Line. In 2010 a Memorandum of Understanding was signed, which did show initial successes in the form of transportation and trade links, but the conflict itself has not been resolved.

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The USA AND CHINA CONFLICT-
Core issue- ideological dispute during the cold war
Type of Conflict ending- Peaceful thawing

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The USA AND CHINA CONFLICT-
Core issue- ideological dispute during the cold war
Type of Conflict ending- Peaceful thawing

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Durand Line - the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan (Ellie)

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Durand Line - the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan (Ellie)

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British controlled India and Afghanistan named the Durand Line as the official border but when Pakistan gained independence in 1947, Afghanistan refused to acknowledge it.
The soviet invasion of Afghanistan forced many Afghans to seek refuge in Pakistan. The increase in refugee camps along the border, as well as radical fighters from these camps further fuelled tension.
In 2001, the Taliban in Afghanistan refused to surrender al Qaeda, pushing the to US step in. A new Afghan government was created but they too refused to acknowledge the legitimacy of the Durand Line. In 2010 a Memorandum of Understanding was signed, which did show initial successes in the form of transportation and trade links, but the conflict itself has not been resolved.

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North Korea - United States (Steve Yang)

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North Korea - United States (Steve Yang)

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The relationship between the United States and North Korea has always been framed in a Cold War mindset of pro-Communism versus anti-Communism, especially due to the Korean War. However, after the fall of the USSR, meaning in turn that the DPRK lost its most significant supporter and military defender, the relationship took a new dimension when North Korea withdrew from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and began developing nuclear weapons. Save for a brief detente in 2017 and 2018 when Kim Jong Un and Donald Trump met multiple times, the relationship has remained tense and negative to this day.

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Frozen Conflict between India and China (territorial dispute) since 2011. Diplomatically, both the countries claim their rights over the piece of land (Aksai Chin) and China has been on the offence since 1962.

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isreal

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syria

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POLISARIO movement

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The Iraq-Iran conflict started due to border dispute, hostilities between the Arabs and Persians and the Iraqi Government's mistrust for the Post-1979 Iranian Government
Current status of the conflict : Peaceful thawing

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There has been a frozen conflict between Morocco and the POLISARIO movement over the Western Sahara territory. This conflict began in the 1970's when Spain engaged in the process of decolonization, and four nations claimed a right over the territory: Spain, Morocco, Mauritania, and the POLISARIO movement. The conflict eventually evolved into a confrontation between only Morocco and the POLISARIO insurgents.

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China v.s. Taiwan:
China: One-China policy, the reunification of China under the communist rule
Taiwan: yearn for independence and international recognition

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China v.s. Taiwan:
China: One-China policy, the reunification of China under the communist rule
Taiwan: yearn for independence and international recognition