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Montero, Vielka

Bello, Justhyn

Ramirez, Yazmeira

Gómez, Danika

Castillo , Erika

Montenegro, Adriana

Adames, Abigail

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The 1918 influenza pandemic, also known as the Spanish flu.

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The 1918 influenza pandemic, also known as the Spanish flu.

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Was a pandemic caused by an outbreak of influenza virus type A, subtype H1N1. Unlike other influenza epidemics that mainly affect children and the elderly, its victims were also young and healthy adults, as well as animals, including dogs and cats. It is considered one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, as it killed between 20 and 40 million people in just one year.

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Oakland's municipal auditorium converted into a makeshift hospital in 1918.

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Oakland's municipal auditorium converted into a makeshift hospital in 1918.

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Overcrowded and unhygienic conditions created a fertile breeding ground for the virus.

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How it originated - its spread and how far it spread

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How it originated - its spread and how far it spread

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Despite its name, researchers believe that the Spanish flu originated in the USA.
Of the first was on March 11, 1918, at the Fort Riley military base, Kansas, there were quickly 522 cases. They then report outbreaks in Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, and California. In May, soldiers at Fort Riley incubated the virus during their trip to France.
Upon stepping on the French beaches, the virus exploded and strongly attacked the allied troops and those of the Central Command. It spread through Norway, China, India, New Zealand, the Caribbean, the Philippines, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, as soon as it touched the Panama Canal zone, it reached the whole world.

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Generally only trips to rest and drink plenty of fluids to treat the complaint. But if you have a serious infection or are at increased risk for complications, your doctor may prescribe an antiviral medication to treat the flu. These medications may include oseltamivir (Tamiflu), zanamivir (Relenza), peramivir (Rapivab), or baloxavir (Xofluza). These medications can cut the disease for about a day and help prevent serious complications.

Oseltamivir is an oral medication. Zanamivir is inhaled through a device similar to an asthma inhaler and should not be used by anyone who has certain chronic breathing problems, such as asthma and lung disease.

Side effects of antiviral medications can include nausea and vomiting. These side effects may be milder if the medicine is taken with food.

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Maps of respiratory overmortality rates per 10 000 inhabitants in each province of Spain in 1918-1919.

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Maps of respiratory overmortality rates per 10 000 inhabitants in each province of Spain in 1918-1919.

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Unlike other influenza epidemics, which basically affected children and the elderly, many of the victims were young and healthy adults between 20 and 40 years of age, as well as animals, mainly dogs and cats.

Symptoms included high fever, earache, body fatigue, occasional diarrhea and vomiting, and also sometimes breathing difficulties and nosebleeds.

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Electron microscopic image of the 1918 virus.

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Electron microscopic image of the 1918 virus.

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Mortality per week in Paris, Berlin, London and New York.

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Mortality per week in Paris, Berlin, London and New York.

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Mortality by age of the normal influenza epidemics of 1911 to 1917, dashed line, and of the 1918 epidemic, solid line.

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Mortality by age of the normal influenza epidemics of 1911 to 1917, dashed line, and of the 1918 epidemic, solid line.

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The best way to prevent influenza is to get a flu vaccine every year. The influenza virus is constantly changing. Each year, scientists work together to identify the virus strains that they believe will cause the most illness, and a new vaccine is made based on their recommendations.

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Good health habits like avoiding people who are sick, covering your cough and washing your hands often can help stop the spread of germs and prevent respiratory illnesses like flu. There also are flu antiviral drugs that can be used to treat and prevent flu

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The mortality rate of the 1918-1920 pandemic is unknown. Authors such as Juan Carlos Losada (2012) estimate that the fatality rate, that is, the percentage of infected people who died from the flu, was between 10% and 20%. Its morbidity rate could reach up to half of the world population, but other sources raise it to two thirds, this specific mortality rate means that between 3% and 6% of the world population died, but it varies a lot with the populations, because indigenous peoples of the Pacific or the Arctic lost up to 90% of their population.

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Influenza activity was unusually low throughout the 2020-2021 season, both in the United States and worldwide, despite high levels of testing. During the period September 28, 2020, through May 22, 2021, in the United States, 1,675 respiratory specimens out of 818,939 (0.2%) tested by clinical laboratories in the United States were positive for the virus of the flu. The low level of influenza activity this past season contributed to substantially lower influenza cases, hospitalizations, and deaths compared to previous influenza seasons. For comparison purposes, during the last three seasons prior to the pandemic, the proportion of respiratory specimens testing positive for influenza peaked between 26.2% and 30.3%.

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Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), are actions – apart from getting vaccinated or taking medicine – that people and communities can take to help slow the spread of illnesses like flu.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)