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The Hakka are an ethnic group of Chinese people. Originating from North China, they migrated to South China during the Song Dynasty. Though their descendants are expected to be in the tens of millions, very few are actual Hakka speakers. The name Hakka may have come from the Cantonese word "Kejia" which means "guest people", likely used to distinguish themselves from other ethnic groups such as the bendi or the natives. Nowadays they have emigrated to many Asian countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand and even to farther continents such as Canada and Australia. Throughout its history, the Hakka had been involved in various skirmishes and utilized many tools and weapons to their advantage.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hakka

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The Hakka moved through a lot of different harsh landscapes and environments. As they advanced through these obstacles, the martial masters acquired a unique mix of skills and weapons from both war and farming.

The Daai Paa, or better known as the Tiger Spear is a trident used by the Hakka for combat and self-defense. It has also been used to hunt tigers with which is where it gets its name the "Tiger Spear". The Daai Paa is used with its own variation of Kung Fu where the user learns to use the trident elegantly and efficiently.

Originally, this trident had been used for farming purposes. It could be used for harvesting crops as well as removing dead leaves, hemp and grass. At the time, the Hakka did not have much in terms of weaponary and technology. So it can be assumed that the Hakka resorted to weaponizing their tools with deadly efficiency and mastering them.

https://www.plumpub.com/kaimen/2016/a-welcome-guest-the-hakka-fist/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNg8I945iFo

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The Sai is a weapon commonly seen in a lot of popular cultures of today. They are the signature weapons of Raphael from the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles franchise and are sometimes seen in Chinese action movies. These weapons are not merely for show as they can inflict serious damage in the right hands. The Sai have gone through various iterations and changes to become what it is today.

Though the origins of the Sai are not very clear, it is widely believed that the Sai began its path as a farmer's trident and was altered in design to help fend off bandits and invaders. The Tiger Spear is likely to have been the point of origin for the Sai. Its small size even allows for one to wield two Sais at the same time in each hand. Some even say it might have started out as nothing more than hairpins for women that can also double as a weapon for self-defense in ancient times.

The short handle and sharp points leads to the Sai having better maneuverability and control in the user's hands. The sides of the Sai's points are not very sharp like traditional daggers, so slashing is not very effective unless the sharp point is the only part making contact. The most effective use of this weapon is for puncturing and piercing clothes and armor with a stabbing motion. The shard and small point leads to it having an easier time puncturing targets and leaving behind a deep wound. The points on the side prongs are believed to have acted as hand guards, protecting the user's hand should a sharp blade clashing with the Sai slide down the side of the Sai. Additionally, if the side prongs are able to pierce the target it could then be used to gouge or claw the opponent. Though it is an effective weapon, it is mainly a weapon meant for crowd control and one-on-one fights.

https://www.chandao.co.uk/blog-373232282336947/category/hakka-warriors
https://ymaa.com/articles/2015/12/sai-ancient-marvel-of-a-weapon

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https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Pandat

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Forged in Fire: TOP 7 WEAPONS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA | History

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The Mandau is a traditional weapon of the Iban. To the Iban, the Mandau is not merely a weapon, but it is a symbol respect and identity of its owner. The Mandau has been inherited and passed down through many generations. Besides being a weapon, it also doubles as a tool for slicing meat, plants and branches. The Mandau has witnessed many battles and skirmishes between many different tribes.

The Mandau consists of a blade, handle and sheathe. The carvings and decorations put onto the Mandau reflects the status and position of its owner. The blades of genuine and old Mandau are made with the Stone of Mantikei, whereas modern blades are made with metal.

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KOMPAS.com - Suku Dayak merupakan salahh satu suku bangsa yang ada di Pulau Kalimantan. Suku Dayak memiliki ragam kebudayaan layaknya suku bangsa yang lain.

Salah satu kebudayaan Suku Dayak dapat dilihat dari senjata tradisional mereka yang disebut Mandau.

Berbeda dengan senjata tradisional pada umumnya yang terbuat dari logam, Mandau ini terbuat dari batu manikei.

Bagi masyarakat Dayak, Mandau bukan sekadar senjata belaka. Ia juga menjadi simbol kehormatan dan jati diri pemiliknya.
Baca juga: Dari Ikan Patin, Mandau, hingga Batu Kecubung
Mandau merupakan senjata pusaka Dayak yang diwariskan secara turun-temurun kepada generasi berikutnya.

Selain sebagai senjata pusakan, Mandau juga sellau menemani keseharian masyarakat Dayak, seperti untuk memotong daging, tumbuh-tumbuhan dan sebagainya.

Di masa lalu, Mandau dibuat dengan teknik sederhana sehingga menghasilkan senjata yang sedikit kasar.

Namun seiring berjalannya waktu, pembuatan Mandau dilakukan dengan cara yang lebih baik dan menghasilkan senjata yang berkualitas tinggi.

Mandau dibuat oleh seorang pandai yang disebut dengan nama Peneraat.

Senjata tradisional ini juga menjadi saksi peperangan antarsuku yang terjadi di kalangan masyarakat Dayak.

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Asal-usul Mandau, Senjata Tradisional Suku Dayak yang Terbuat dari Batu

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KOMPAS.com - Suku Dayak merupakan salahh satu suku bangsa yang ada di Pulau Kalimantan. Suku Dayak memiliki ragam kebudayaan layaknya suku bangsa yang lain. Salah satu kebudayaan Suku Dayak dapat dilihat dari senjata tradisional mereka yang disebut Mandau. Berbeda dengan senjata tradisional pada umumnya yang terbuat dari logam, Mandau ini terbuat dari batu manikei.

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Karambit Overview | History of Karambits

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Learn about the karambit’s rich history and how it has been used through the centuries. From farming to combat, this is one versatile blade!

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Antropologi Sosial Budaya oleh Sriyana, S.Sos, M.Si (2020), seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, kujang pun mengalami perkembangan dan pergeseran bentuk, fungsi, dan makna. Dari sebuah peralatan pertanian, kujang berkembang menjadi sebuah benda yang memiliki karakteristik tersendiri dan cenderung menjadi senjata yang bernilai simbolik dan sakral.

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Mengenal Kujang, Senjata Tradisional Jawa Barat dan Keunikannya

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Antropologi Sosial Budaya oleh Sriyana, S.Sos, M.Si (2020), seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, kujang pun mengalami perkembangan dan pergeseran bentuk, fungsi, dan makna. Dari sebuah peralatan pertanian, kujang berkembang menjadi sebuah benda yang memiliki karakteristik tersendiri dan cenderung menjadi senjata yang bernilai simbolik dan sakral.

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Forged in Fire: The Hooded Katar Tests (Season 5) | History

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Monday, 08 September 2008: In a ground-breaking new series, technology and history collide head-on in ten action-packed episodes, where we witness first-hand the power of pivotal world-changing weapons.

Weapon Masters explores the history and science of ten weapons of the ancient world. Hosting the series is internationally known weapons expert and historian, Mike Loades. In each hour-long episode, Mike travels to a different international location to examine one particular ancient weapon and learn first-hand about the cultures where the weapon was used. He is assisted by an expert who demonstrates the techniques behind each weapon. He then challenges his co-host and master craftsman, Chad, to improve upon it using modern manufacturing techniques and materials.

In India, Mike explores the history of the steel quoit weapon used by the Sikhs and known as the Chakram or Chakkar. This ancient Indian projectile weapon inflicts serious damage with its razor sharp cutting edge.

Mike travelled to Punjab to meet with Nidar Singh Nihang, a master swordsman who has spent the last twenty years researching the history, philosophy, and unique warrior traditions of the Akali-Nihang Sikh. With assistance from the Akali-Nihang community in Punjab, Nidar Singh taught Mike the various chakram techniques used in battle by the Akali-Nihangs; "In India I met the Akali Nihangs, a nomadic sect of Sikh warriors, from whom I learned various techniques for throwing the chakram - a razor edged steel battle quoit - both on foot and from horses and elephants!"

"Although it was my first experience with the chakram I managed to throw one 40 yards with no trouble at all. The chakram has an airfoil cross section and you can see it working - it really does fly. And it is surprising how quickly one can become accurate with it at shorter ranges.

Nidar Singh Nihang, an expert in Indian martial arts, demonstrates many different techniques for throwing the 'chakkar', as the chakram is more commonly known in the Punjab. The tajini method of spinning it on the index finger is the most well known but there are other methods, such as bowling it underarm as the warrior approaches an enemy, throwing it on the move or the more powerful diagonal throws from left to right and right to left.

"As well as the different types of throw", said Mike "there are many different types of chakram - from the standard ones around 9 -10 inches in diameter to small bracelet sized ones worn on the forearm and flicked at an enemy's face at close quarters with an action similar to flicking a deck of cards. At the other end of the scale are the large chakrams of two feet diameter, which are worn around the neck. Nidar Singh showed me a technique for deploying these from the second or third ranks behind the front line when engaged in hand-to-hand fighting - they are thrown almost vertically to descend on the heads of the enemy's front line."

Mike also learnt from a traditional Indian blacksmith the techniques of forging the chakram from steel. "I also travelled to Patiala where I met the brothers Harinder and Mohinder Singh who showed me how to make a chakram in a traditional forge."

Back in the US, Chad aimed to better the traditional design and techniques with state-of-the-art materials and a mechanical launch mechanism.

- By Amandeep Singh Madra

- Images courtesy of Kam Singh ( www.flawlessphotos.co.uk)
Schedule for Weapon Masters - Chakram

Discovery Knowledge (UK)

10 September 2008, 18:00:00
11 September 2008, 08:00:00
11 September 2008, 13:00:00
13 September 2008, 17:00:00

Discovery Military Channel (US)

Schedule not yet published.
See http://military.discovery.com/tv/weapon-masters/weapon-masters.html for updates.

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Weapon Masters: The Deadly Chakram | SikhNet

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Monday, 08 September 2008: In a ground-breaking new series, technology and history collide head-on in ten action-packed episodes, where we witness first-hand the power of pivotal world-changing weapons. Weapon Masters explores the history and science of ten weapons of the ancient world. Hosting the series is internationally known weapons expert and historian, Mike Loades.