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Is the smallest unit of soud, referes to the sounds each letter makes individualy. There are 44 phonemes in the english language. Having phonemic awareness is important because it can help children manipulate words by adding and subtracting letters.

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Students will be presented with a three-letter word and picture. Using these words students will isolate the sounds and focus on the individual letter sounds C/A/P. Then they will replace the first or last letter to make a new word M/A/P The new word should match the picture card.

This activity teaches students how to isolate and replace letter sounds to build new words. Students will practice using many different options until they are confident in these skills.  The car holder states which part of the word is were and uses a color to show vowels and consonants so students will know the difference.

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Teaches the relationship between the spoken word and the written word. Phonics follows the Alphabetic principles and shows children that letters can be placed together to make one sound. Once children associate with the predictability of separate and combined letters it will become easier to read.

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Working in pairs students will be given a bag of cups marked with single and double letters along with a board. Using the cups students will make words that match the letters on the board. Once completed students can try to make their own words using the cups.

This fosters the single and double letter sounds students need to memorize. Through practicing with these sounds students will place them in their memory. That way when they are seen in text in a book the student will be familiarized enough to use them fluently.

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Is the ability to ready with accuracy and speed using minimal cognativity towards what is being read. While a child reads aloud, they should clearly state each word with accuracy. Using appropriate pauses due to punctuation.

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Students will work in small groups using their sheet of paper and a shared dice. One student will roll the dice and say the sentence under by that number out load. Then the next player will roll the dice and read aloud their sentence. This will go on for 20 minutes. When the time is up each student will tally up their score!

This activity will help students practice reading aloud and saying words from start to finish. Placing the stduents in small groups allows for peer support and learning.

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Reading doctor is an app that can be used on any electronic device. These games give children the opportunity to start from the beginning with phonemic awareness and build their skills. Activities get harder and more advanced as the levels are achieved. Some of the advantages of this app are. The help button which will show the students the answers and why they are correct. Also, the mouth on the bottom of the screen will mimic the way a mouth moves when saying a letter.

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This website has many option for assessments, education, parent training, and translation. Parents are able to request help through the website. Parents who need help navigating the education system in America can have meeting and tutorials that will help explain. They offer English classes for parents and other family members. What makes this website versatile is the ability to be an online or inperson learner.

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Vocabulary referes to the use and understanding of words. This includes the words we, speak, hear, write, and read. It is not uncommon for vocabulary to be used more robustly in one of these areas (reading Rocket, 2025). The word bank that is developed is a mix of words we have hear over time and can be build be communication, reading, and intentionaly seeking out knowledge on words.

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Activities for vocabulary should include methods that influence memory. In this activity students are asked to write the word then read the definition either on their paper or the teacher can write the definition on the board. Then students will draw a picture describing the word. Followed by using the word in a sentence. The method of writing it, define it, draw it, and write it in a sentence covers many different learning styles (Kristen, 2025). Students just beginning to learn vocabulary will be able to use this technique because drawing is one of the simpler skills and sentences can be modified to meet the needs of a child. For example, Flowers bloom. Vs. a student who is more advanced may write, Flowers bloom best after the warm rain of spring. Both sentences show the understanding of a vocabulary word but also reflect other skills.

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Houston. S, (2025) Phonics Hero. What is Phonemic Awareness? The Foundation for Reading and Spelling Success. https://phonicshero.com/phonemic-awareness/

Kristen. (2025) Sweet For Kindergarten. 5 Simple Vocabulary Activities for Kindergarten. https://sweetforkindergarten.com/5-simple-vocabulary-activities-for-kindergarten/

National Center on Improving Literacy. (2024) What is fluency? https://improvingliteracy.org/brief/fluencytext/index.html#:~:text=Abstract-Fluency

Reading Rocket. (2025) Basic: Vocabulary. https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-and-writing-basics/vocabulary

Reading Rocket. (2024) Basics: Phonics and Decoding. https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-and-writing-basics/phonics-and-decoding

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A dictionary that is child friendly. The best part of this resource is the ability to look up a word alphabetically when needed. A reference guide that can be taken everywhere. For ELL's can have a copy that includes their native tongue and English. This will help prevent confusion when learning a word’s meaning.

Amazon. (2025) My First Bilingual Library: A Spanish-English Vocabulary Board Book Set of Colors, Numbers, Animals, ABCs, and More (Sí Sabo Kids)

https://www.amazon.com/First-Bilingual-Library-Spanish-English-Vocabulary/dp/1958803839/ref=sr_1_3?crid=3EA3R79PNN6Z0&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.

ABCya is a free online platform that offers free games in many different domains. I chose it for vocabulary because their lessons and games include pictures that can be useful for ELL's and new readers. Games can be played on repeat, or the student can move on to harder more difficult words.

ABCya. (2024) Featured Kindergarden games. https://www.abcya.com/grades/k

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ABCya! * Kindergarten Learning Games, Ages 5 - 6

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Kids LOVE our free online games! Race cars, meet cuddly penguins, and explore while practicing counting, sight words, and more kindergarten skills. Play now!

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5 Resources for parents and young children. 

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For phonics a resource that can be affective is.

Logic to english is a free website that allows the use to click on combined letter sounds. The phonogram chart is user frendly and can be down loaded on any electronic device.

Logic of English. (2025) Interactive Phonogram Chart.https://logicofenglish.com/pages/phonogram-chart

For phonamic awarness this artical by Dr. LeVos is a great resource. It covers the many areas of phonamic awarness and ways to teach young students these skills.

LeVos. J, (2020) Begin. Phonemic Awareness: A Guide for Parents Plus 17 Skills to Teach Kids. https://www.beginlearning.com/parent-resources/phonemic-awareness/

Fluency takes a confortability with text. Knowing words by sight allows for reasing in a way that takes no effort. This you tube video explains sight words in a fun way that includes pictures which helps ELL's recognise words even if they can place the words right away.

Preschool prep company. (2017) Meet the Sight Words - Level 1 (FREE) | Preschool Prep Company https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zd7tuu6lxQI

Young children should be read to and begin trying to read by Kinder. Scholastics offers books in every reading level. There are books in English and Spanish, along with many other languages. Even if parents do not wish to purchase books from this site they can use the references to look up books at a local library.

Scholastics Parenting staff. () 25 Books Every Kid Should Read by Kindergarten. https://www.scholastic.com/parents/books-and-reading/raise-a-reader-blog/kindergarten-books-to-read.html

ABC mouse charges a small monthly fee for unlimited access to reading instruction. Children start by taking a quiz which will start their instruction at their learning level.

ABC mouse. https://www.abcmouse.com

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Explore our Interactive Phonogram Chart featuring audio and visual references for the 75 most common phonograms. This tool helps students and teachers alike master phonograms with ease, improving reading and spelling skills.

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Reading comprehension is the ability to retain the information that is being read. it takes phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency. and vocabulary skills working together to develop reading comprehension

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Host a word hunt. Teachers can print out a list of relatable words for students to find in the classroom, recess or around their house. Bringing real words experience to the words they hear and see. Those relationships provide a visual memory to refer back on when reading words in a text.

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Supporting students with exceptionalities. 

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Supporting students with exceptionalities. 

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All students need support thought the course of learning to read. Some students will excel in some areas but struggle in others. The important matter is finding the issue and providing support early. This can be done by frequent assessments in each individual are. For example if a student has low fluency scores it requires a more in-depth analysis to determine what is causing this. Is the student spending time sounding out sight words? or are the mispronouncing words due to insufficient sound and letter recognition. From there support can be given individually or in a small group setting.

If a student is excelling in all areas of reading it is important to provide additional opportunities for growth. More advanced vocabulary, reading levels, and topics can be given. Placing these students together will allow for shared experiences and natural growth of their vocabulary. Either way students should be given support to become the best reader possible.