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"The victory of socialism in our country is guaranteed"

1932

GUSTAV KLUTSIS

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Stalin is overseeing the Five Year Plans and getting USSR back on track. Stalin's gaze is outside the frame: suggests he is looking at a Russia beyond the scope of its current state and will guide the country there. COP --> Stalin is the ideal leader. 'Stalin' means steel, connotes strength and industrialisation. Poster promotes the idea that Stalin can set ambitious goals (Socialism in one country) and achieve them.

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The Ship of Capitalism

1932

IULII GANF

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Stalin used propaganda to convey communist ideology. Capitalism is portrayed as a looming threat, that will bring fire, smoke and destruction to the communist shores if it is not kept at bay. Ironic: poster criticises the destruction in capitalist countries but makes no comment on the deaths of people by Stalin. Censorship: what Stalin does is 'positive' but what capitalist countries do is 'negative'. 

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"Glory to the great October leaders!"

1952 Naum Karpovsky

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This poster depicts Stalin and Lenin as the powerful, prominent individuals of Russian society. Stalin's closeness to Lenin suggests that they are working together to improve Russia, when in reality that is not the case. Lenin is pointing in the direction of Russian people, implying support for them, and their eyesight is beyond the frame of the image, suggesting that they will pursue greater things. Builds COP --> Stalin is learning from the master. 

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Cover of the Russian children's magazine, Muzilka, 1949 

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Thank you dear comrade Stalin for a Happy Childhood!

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After Stalin's birthday in 1929, the image and name of the Stalin permitted in Soviet culture until his death in 1953. During 1935 the phrase 'Thank you dear comrade Stalin for a Happy Childhood!' which adorned the doorways of nurseries, orphaages and sxhools, This transformed and further spread his cult by manipulating the youth of soviet russia

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Stalin with a baby

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It shows how the propaganda wanted to show he was good with children, and that they saw them as good. Children are seen as innocent and untainted by the years that adults have been. So showing him with a baby shows how he was a good man, if nothing else. The baby is also holding a Soviet flag, which further more shows that the baby, in its innocence,  loves the soviet union

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This Soviet propaganda poster reflects key aspects of Stalinist politics, particularly the emphasis on traditional gender roles and population growth

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Women are depicted as devoted mothers, reinforcing their role as caregivers rather than independent workers or political figures.

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Stalin directing a wheel saying CCCP while the Soviet flag is seen behind him along with the red star.

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This source dictates Stalin as controlling the Soviet Union which characterises him as a sole dictator. This further shows that usage of nationalism in propaganda through the appearance of the red star and communist flag which are both products of the revolution. Propaganda is also used to display Stalin as a reliable leader, like the captain of a ship.

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Famous propaganda photo of Stalin

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It shows him as a strong leader, and someone who would be intimidating if met in person. In reality he had a short stature, but assuming you had no idea of the fact, as many people in the Soviet Union did, you would like he was a strong man.

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A celebration of Stalin’s 70th birthday in the People’s Republic of China.

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This Propaganda poster is depicting a room with tons of Stalin supporters with Stalin and Lenin looking over the party. This source shows how they attempted to change the opinion of the people by making Stalin seem like a good man with the guidance of Lenin looking over him and the rest of the party.

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"Long live International Women's Day" 1930. This poster celebrates International Women's day, which was an important event in Soviet propaganda. Stalinist policies supporting women joining the workforce to help industrialisation.

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This poster provides evidence into how propaganda was used to push women into the workforce. It is evidence of the state's control over gender roles and the use of propaganda to shape public views. 

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"Long live International Women's Day" 1930

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Shows the cult of personality through framing Stalin's character as a student of Lenin's teaching.

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This propaganda poster shows Stalin front in center with Lenin and the Communist red flag in the background. This shows Stalin's usage of Lenin in an effort to raise his power in the Bolshevik party. This further shows an attempt to by Stalin to trick the masses through the use of propaganda by portraying himself as a close friend of Stalin who was attempting to carry on his legacy.

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Gustav Klutsis’ 1936 lithograph “Cadres Decide Everything”, is an example of Stalinist propaganda, offering insight into 1930s in the Soviet Union.

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The crowd is shown as enthusiastic, reflecting how Soviet propaganda manipulated imagery to create the illusion of support. 

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This is an artist's depiction which reflects Stalin's cult of personality quite well; it depicts how Stalin is supposedly loved and admired by all members of society, with a particular emphasis on those in the armed forces. This, along with Stalin wearing a white military uniform himself, likely reinforces the idea of how Stalin envisions himself to be the commander-in-chief of the military, while the bust of Lenin in the background also supports his idea that Stalin is a disciple and the successor of Lenin.

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"Fulfill the five-year plan not in five years, but in four" 1930. This source outlines Stalin's Five-Year Plan was a central feature of Stalin's economic policy and it aimed at rapid industrialisation. The phrase "not in 5 years, but in 4" reflects Stalin's push for overachievement.

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This source provides evidence of Stalinist politics through discusses key themes, such as forced economic acceleration, state control and the important role of propaganda. 

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"Fulfill the five-year plan not in five years, but in four" 1930 

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“What we have we don’t keep, when we lose it we weep.” - Artist: M. Akhunov
“Plakat” Publishers, Moscow, 1990

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A powerful example of Soviet-era propaganda designed to evoke a strong emotional response, reinforcing the value of what the Soviet state and its people had achieved under socialism, and the fear of losing it due to internal or external threats.

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Stalin uses this photo of him holding a child to display himself as a father figure who is contains the same emotions as the common worker.

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This image shows Stalin holding Engelsina Markizova, a Czechoslovakian child. This shows the development of Stalin's cult of personality as he is attempting to portray himself as a father figure to the Russian country. This also shows the use of propaganda as Stalin is attempting to hide his atrocities in subject states.

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"Young Girl and The leader"

This photo depicted a young girl giving her 'great leader' a bouquet of flowers to symbolise her gratitude for him and he reciprocates with a kiss. This photo was used to paint Stalin as a caring and kind man who was a father figure for his nation.

Funnily enough, there is a rumour that her parents were sent to the gulags later despite her efforts of reaching out to Stalin, theres is no evidence to support this rumour.

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Day of International Workers Solidarity –May 1

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Soviet propaganda posters from the Stalin era were powerful tools used to shape public opinion, promote state ideology, and celebrate events like May 1st, International Workers' Day. These posters were used to convey the strength and unity of the Soviet people, glorify the achievements of the workers, and promote Stalin’s leadership.

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A celebration of Stalin’s 70th birthday in the People’s Republic of China.

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This source provides evidence shows how the Cult of Personality spread thrughout the world and showed the amount of power/control Stalin had not just within the USSR.

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This is a propaganda poster depicting a kulak as an "enemy of socialism". The sign JZD refers to collective farms that Stalin would have forced peasants into. Stalin would have used propaganda like this to justify dekukalisation. This also would have been used to justify the Great Purge.

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This poster provides evidence into how Stalin used propaganda to vilify groups, such as kulaks, to justify his oppressive polices. 

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"Do not trust him! The kulak is the most hardened enemy of socialism" 

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The Soviet poster proclaimed the aspirations and successes of the revolution to a wide audience. Eventually developing a visual idiom of its own, distinct from other forms of illustration, the Soviet poster exploited the power of simple, compelling imagery. The exhibit showcases twenty-four Soviet political posters from the 1930s. Drawn from the E.M. Bakwin Collection of Soviet Posters and the War Poster Collection in the Library, the exhibition explores the role that these images played in rallying the peoples of the Soviet Union to take up social, political, and war-time causes.

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Photoshop GOAT

Stalin's regime also systematically altered photographs to eliminate individuals who had fallen out of favor, effectively rewriting history. A notable case involves Nikolai Yezhov, the head of the secret police during the Great Purge. Initially, Yezhov appeared in numerous photographs beside Stalin. However, following his execution in 1940, he was meticulously removed from official images. One such photograph shows Stalin standing alone by the Moscow Canal, where Yezhov once stood beside him. This deliberate erasure served to revise historical records, ensuring that those deemed enemies of the state were not only physically eliminated but also vanished from the collective memory.

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"Under the banner of Lenin"

A quintessential example is the 1940 poster titled "Under the banner of Lenin, with the leadership of Stalin, forward to the victory of Communism." In this image, Stalin is depicted alongside Lenin, suggesting a direct lineage and continuity of leadership. The poster portrays Stalin as Lenin's rightful successor, reinforcing his authority and the legitimacy of his rule. Such imagery was instrumental in cultivating Stalin's cult of personality, presenting him as an infallible leader guiding the Soviet Union toward a communist utopia.

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"Under the banner of Lenin, with the leadership of Stalin, forward to the victory of Communism" - Cult of Personality

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In this Lithograph we can see Stalin pointing the way forward for the people of the USSR and communism. Then behind Stalin like a ghost, Lenin is guiding and pointing in the same direction, giving the impression that Stalin is the embodiment of Lenin and his true successor for the communist revolution. 

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The Cultural Revolution

In education, the so-called Cultural Revolution required school students to denounce their teachers for not supporting communism.

Strangely, discipline was relaxed in schools, and middle class young people were often expelled from school.

The aim was to prioritise the education of workers, which had largely been achieved by the mid-1930s.

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Propaganda - Staged Photograph of Soviet Soldiers flying a Soviet Flag atop the Reichstag. The photo was also used in newspaper articles from the time.

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This shows evidence for the glorification of the Soviet Army and the exaggeration power of the Soviet Union. The image was symbolic of Soviet victory. However, the photo was staged and, subsequently, altered. Days after the Soviets occupied Berlin, the photo was taken. However, one of the figures in the initial photo was wearing a watch which could have been an indicator that he had been looting. This meant that the photographer photoshopped him out of the photo entirely. He was added back in in later renderings with more photosphop techniques added to make the watch look like a compass, This provides evidence for the Soviet Government's aims for glorifying the militarism within the USSR as well as the importance of their country's image in promoting this aspect.

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Stalin employed propaganda to push his social policies and justify the oppression and murder of groups such as the Kulaks.

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This is evidenced by a propaganda poster from 1953 titled 'Do not trust him! The kulak is the most hardened enemy of socialism." the image depicts a stereotypical kulak farmer who clearly wishes to betray and hurt the man he grins at, the shadow behind him shows him strangling the man with a knife in this hands. the text below reads "Good relations between cooperative members and productive teamwork can only be formed if the members settle up with the kulaks and their helpers, who worked themselves into the cooperatives and are taking them apart from inside." This reflects Stalins policies to kill and oppress the kulaks and gives insight into how he justified the mass murders with propaganda.

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"Long live the USSR, model of brotherhood among the workers of world nationalities" - Propoganda

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The source here depicts Stalin as the prominate individual above all these other people who are from different nationalities under his rule. This source depicts the USSR as a model to all other nations on how different nationalities should be recognized and united together under the banner of Socialism. It depicts the USSR and Stalin as the place where every man is equal to one another in a brotherhood of the Proletariat.

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Censorship - Gradual Removal of Nikolai Antipov, Sergey Kirov, and Nikolai Shvernik From Photo

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This series of images is of the same meeting where, over time,  Nikolai Antipov, Sergey Kirov, and Nikolai Shvernik have all been removed as they became caught up in the Great Terror. This shows how Stalin aimed to erase the old Bolshevik ideologies from the public by erasing the people who used to uphold them.

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Stalin cultivated a cult of personality creating an image of him as an infallible leader and the savior of the Soviet people who carried on the legacy of Lenin and Marx.

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This is evidenced through the propaganda poster from 1934 captioned "Long live the great, unconquerable banner of Marx, Engels and Lenin!" where Stalin is depicted as the prominent figure looking over a collage of military scenes. this evidences Stalins cultivation of the image of a great military leader following in the legacy of Marx, Engels and Lenin. 

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Censorship - Removal of Malchenko from Photos

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These images show a meeting with the Union of Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class. The original photo (above) was taken in 1897 and reproductions of the photo from about 1930 have removed Alexander Malchenko, a friend of Lenin and an engineer who was arrested executed for being a wrecker. After this, he was removed from the image to disassociate him from Lenin and the Bolsheviks, so to remove questioning of the Great Terror.

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Stalin pushed for industrialization of Russia through his propaganda, This source is a propaganda poster lithograph from 1930 captioned "Communism means soviets [popular councils], plus the electrification of the whole country. Let us transform the USSR through socialist industrialization"

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This source provides evidence concerning the aims of Stalinist policies to industrialise the Russian economy. Through the depiction of industrial machinery with the grand silhouette of a figure appearing to be Lenin, this poster calls for industrialisation in the name of Lenins legacy and the soviets.

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INSTRUCTIONS

ONE- You are to add at least THREE posts each regarding STalinist Propaganda/Cult of Personality, and Censorship (inc photographic censorship)

TWO - attach media to your post which is the source eg it might be a picture, video link etc

THREE - Add a comment to your post explaining what EVIDENCE your attached source provides about Stalinist Politics in the 30s.

FOUR - Choose the posts of 3 different peers to comment on. Add/ Build on their comment by adding your thoughts on what it reveals

FIVE - Add a link or screenshot of the final version of this Padlet to a new page in your workbook under the heading STALINIST PROPAGANDA AND CENSORSHIP. Note... wait til BOTH CLASSES have contributed for a fuller collation of sources

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In this field you can back up your main point with a primary source that proves it 

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In this field you can indicate which historian or source you got this info from 