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As a teacher from Hungary, I'm proud to share that Bertalan Farkas became the first Hungarian in space in 1980! He spent nearly 8 days aboard the Soyuz 36 space station. His achievement continues to inspire our students in science classes.

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The competition between the USA and USSR shaped modern space exploration. From Sputnik to the Moon landing, these achievements laid the foundation for today's space programs. In my classroom, students are always fascinated by how this rivalry led to incredible technological advances.

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The Space Race | Official Trailer | National Geographic

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The International Space Station represents global cooperation in space. Here in Hungary, we follow ISS research closely, especially experiments on plant growth in space - very relevant for future Mars missions!

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My students are particularly excited about the Perseverance rover on Mars. We regularly discuss its discoveries in class. The search for signs of ancient microbial life has captured everyone's imagination!

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Perseverance Rover’s Descent and Touchdown on Mars (Official NASA Video)

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The reusable rockets by SpaceX have dramatically reduced launch costs. As a science teacher, I'm amazed by how this technology is making space more accessible. Their Starship project could revolutionize space travel!

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While space tourism offers incredible opportunities for research and adventure, we must discuss its environmental impact. In my environmental science lessons, we debate the balance between exploration and sustainability.

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NASA's planned Lunar Gateway will be crucial for future Moon and Mars missions. In our astronomy club, we're tracking its development. It's exciting to think our students might work on such projects in the future!

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Asteroid mining could provide rare materials while preserving Earth's resources. This topic combines physics, economics, and environmental studies - perfect for cross-curricular teaching!

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Unlimited Resources From Space – Asteroid Mining

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Hungary is increasing its involvement in space research through ESA membership. Our country's satellites and research programs offer great opportunities for our next generation of scientists!

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Agreement Signed with ESA on Cooperation in Space Research Program

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Hungary has signed a framework agreement with the European Space Agency (ESA) on cooperation in the national space research program.

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Pros:

1. Scientific Advancements – Space research helps us understand the universe, leading to discoveries in astronomy, physics, and planetary science.

2. Technological Innovations – Many everyday technologies, such as GPS, satellite communication, and medical imaging, originated from space research.

3. Resource Discovery – Space travel could help us mine asteroids for precious metals or extract water from the Moon, reducing dependence on Earth's resources.

4. Potential for Human Survival – Establishing colonies on other planets (like Mars) could serve as a backup plan in case of global catastrophes on Earth.

5. Inspiration and Global Cooperation – Space missions inspire new generations of scientists and engineers and foster international collaboration in science and diplomacy.

6. Economic Growth – The space industry generates jobs and new markets, particularly in aerospace, satellite technology, and private space travel.

7. Climate Monitoring and Disaster Prevention – Satellites help track climate change, monitor natural disasters, and improve weather forecasting.

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Cons:

1. High Costs – Space exploration is extremely expensive, with billions spent on missions that could be used for pressing Earthly issues like poverty and healthcare.

2. Environmental Impact – Rocket launches produce pollution, and space debris from old satellites poses a growing hazard.

3. Health Risks for Astronauts – Prolonged exposure to microgravity and cosmic radiation can cause serious health problems like muscle loss, bone weakening, and cancer.

4. Ethical Concerns – There are debates about whether investing in space colonization is ethical when many global issues remain unsolved.

5. Potential for Space Militarization – Space technologies could be used for military purposes, leading to conflicts over resources or satellite-based weapons.

6. Unknown Risks – Space travel involves unpredictable dangers, from equipment failures to unknown biological threats from extraterrestrial environments.

7. Space Debris – The accumulation of defunct satellites and space junk increases the risk of collisions, which can damage operational spacecraft and satellites.

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Elon Musk Reveals New Plan to Build a Mars City!

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🌌 1. “Not in this universe”

Meaning: Something is impossible or extremely unlikely.
Example: He asked me to finish the project in one day — not in this universe!

🌟 2. “Over the moon”

Meaning: Very happy or excited (space-related expression).
Example: She was over the moon when she got accepted into her dream university.

✨ 3. “Lost in space”

Meaning: Confused or not paying attention.
Example: When the teacher asked him a question, he looked completely lost in space.

🌠 4. “Reach for the stars”

Meaning: Aim for something very ambitious.
Example: If you want to be a scientist, reach for the stars and keep studying hard.

🌙 5. “Once in a blue moon”

Meaning: Something that happens very rarely.
Example: I eat fast food only once in a blue moon.

🌌 6. “A world away”

Meaning: Very different from something; feels far in experience.
Example: Life in the countryside is a world away from the busy city.

🌟 7. “In another world”

Meaning: Daydreaming or mentally somewhere else.
Example: She didn’t hear me because she was in another world.

🌌 1. “Light-years ahead”

Meaning: Much more advanced than others.
Example: Their technology is light-years ahead of ours.

🌠 2. “A star in the making”

Meaning: Someone who is showing early signs of becoming very successful.
Example: The young athlete is a star in the making.

🌙 3. “Shoot for the moon”

Meaning: Try to achieve something very difficult.
Example: You should shoot for the moon and apply for that scholarship.

✨ 4. “See stars”

Meaning: To feel dizzy after being hit or standing up quickly.
Example: He hit his head on the door and started seeing stars.

🌌 5. “A universe of possibilities”

Meaning: Many different opportunities.
Example: Learning another language opens a universe of possibilities.

🌟 6. “Stars in your eyes”

Meaning: To be overly hopeful or unrealistic.
Example: When she talks about becoming rich overnight, she has stars in her eyes.

🌙 7. “Under the stars”

Meaning: Outdoors at night.
Example: We spent the evening under the stars by the lake.

🔭 8. “Out of this world”

Meaning: Extremely good or impressive.
Example: The food at that restaurant is out of this world.

🌠 9. “A stellar performance”

Meaning: An excellent performance.
Example: The actor gave a stellar performance in the play.

🌌 10. “Cosmic joke”

Meaning: Something that feels like an unfair or strange twist of fate.
Example: It felt like a cosmic joke that it rained on the one day we planned a picnic.

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✅ 2. Gap-Fill Exercise

Use the correct idiom from the list.
(You may change the form if needed.)

Idioms:
over the moon • see stars • under the stars • cosmic joke • a world away • universe of possibilities • out of this world • stellar performance • shoot for the moon • lost in space

1. When I stood up too fast, I started to __________________.

2. The campsite was beautiful — we slept __________________.

3. Her singing was amazing; it was a __________________.

4. He failed the exam again and said it felt like a __________________.

5. This new job opens a __________________ for my future.

6. She was __________________ when she heard she had won the award.

7. The restaurant was expensive but the food was __________________.

8. In class today, Tom was completely __________________ and missed the question.

9. Life in this small village feels __________________ from city life.

10. You should __________________ and apply for the top position!

✅ 3. Multiple-Choice Exercise

Choose the correct idiom.

1. The new phone model is much more advanced than last year’s. It’s _____.
a) under the stars
b) light-years ahead
c) once in a blue moon

2. She only visits her hometown _____.
a) once in a blue moon
b) reach for the stars
c) out of this world

3. He didn’t hear me because he was _____.
a) over the moon
b) in another world
c) a universe of possibilities

4. Becoming a doctor is difficult, but she wants to _____.
a) shoot for the moon
b) see stars
c) not in this universe

5. The young dancer is very talented — she’s _____.
a) a star in the making
b) lost in space
c) a cosmic joke

✅ 4. Paraphrasing Exercise

Rewrite each sentence using the idiom in brackets.

1. The performance was excellent. (stellar performance)

2. I was extremely happy about the news. (over the moon)

3. That idea is completely impossible. (not in this universe)

4. He was completely distracted. (lost in space)

5. My dream feels very ambitious. (reach for the stars)

✅ 5. Speaking / Writing Prompts

Use at least three idioms in each answer.

1. Describe someone you know who is talented or “a star in the making.”

2. Talk about a time you were very happy or “over the moon.”

3. Describe a goal that feels ambitious, as if you're “reaching for the stars.”

4. Tell a story where something felt like a “cosmic joke.”

5. Describe a place or experience that felt “out of this world.”