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During the early 1800s, cities began to emerge around factories, people who works in the factories are working in poor conditions. these factories are made by rivers and run on water power.

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During the industrial Revolution, many people left farms for cities. attracted by the job opportunities to be found in factories. factories factories produced a profit for the people

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in 1800, only 6 percent of the nations population lived in urban areas. by 1850 the number had risen to 15%. not until 1920 did more americans lived in cities than in rural areas.

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Boys and girls as young as seven worked in factories. small children were especially useful in texttile mills because they could squeeze around the large machines to change spindles

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During the war of 1812, francis cabot lowell, a boston merchant, found a way to improve on british textile mills. in britan, one factory spun thread and a second factory wove it into cloth.

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after lowells death, his partners took on a more ambitious project. they built an entire factory town and named it after him. in 1821 lowell mass was a village of five farm families

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in 1825, jethro wood began the manufacture of an iron plow with replaceable parts. john deere improved the idea when he invented a lightweight steel plow. earlier plows made of iron or wood had to be pulled by oxygen, which were strong but slow.

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in 1844 the telagraph was a device that sent electrical signals along a wire. it was new technology that was made possible by scientific discoveries about electricity.

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in 1847, cyrus mcCormick opened a factory in chicago that produced mechanical reapers . the reaper was a horse drawn machine that cut and gathered wheat and other grains

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there was a mechanical drill to plant grain, a threshing machine to beat grain from its husk, and a horse drawn hay rake