# data[].attributes.headline
Líkameinkennaröskun ( e. somatic symtom disorder)

# data[].attributes.subject
Líkameinkennaröskun ( e. somatic symtom disorder)

# data[].attributes.body
Líkameinkennaröskun er þegar líkamleg og andleg einkenni valda mikla þjáningu og truflanir á daglegt líf einstaklings. Líkamlegu einkenninn tengjast ekki endilega heilsufari en er að upplifa einkennin og trúa því að þau eru veik og eru ekki að falsa einkennin. Þessi röskun er nokkuð algeng og kemur fram hjá 5-7% fullorðna

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Somatic symptom disorder involves a person having a significant focus on physical symptoms that results in major distress and/or problems functioning. Learn more at psychiatry.org.

# data[].attributes.headline
Sjúkdómskvíðaröskun( Illness anxiety disorder ).

# data[].attributes.subject
Sjúkdómskvíðaröskun( Illness anxiety disorder ).

# data[].attributes.body
Fólk sem er með sjúdómskvíðaröskun hefur óþarfa hræðslu og kvíða við að það sér með alvarlegan sjúkdóm eða að þeir séu í mikillri hættu um að fá alvarlegan sjúkdóm. Það skiptir engu máli fyrir þau að fara til læknis og fá staðfest að ekkert sé að þar sem þau eru enn staðráðin á því að þau séu alvarlega veik. Þessi stanslausa hræðsla getur haft mikil áhrif á sambönd og starf einstaklingsins. Þessi röskun er mjög sjaldgæf þar sem aðeins 0.1% af Ameríkönum þjást af þessari röskun.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Overview

What is illness anxiety disorder?

People with illness anxiety disorder -- also called hypochondria or hypochondriasis -- have an unrealistic fear that they have a serious medical condition or fear that they're at high risk of becoming ill. They may misinterpret typical body functions as signs of illness.

Even after medical tests show no problems, people with hypochondriasis are still preoccupied with the idea that think they're seriously sick. Their persistent health worries can interfere with their relationships, careers and life.

You may be more familiar with the term hypochondria or health anxiety. Healthcare providers now use the term illness anxiety disorder. People with illness anxiety disorder can't control how they feel. Their fears are very real to them.

How common is illness anxiety disorder?

Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondria) is extremely rare. It affects about 0.1% of Americans. It typically appears during early adulthood. Illness anxiety disorder can affect all ages and genders.

What are the types of illness anxiety disorder?

Someone with illness anxiety disorder generally fits into one of these categories:

Care-seeking: You spend a lot of time in a healthcare setting. You seek advice from multiple specialists and request medical tests.

Care-avoidant: You avoid doctors and medical care. You might not trust doctors or you think they don't take your symptoms seriously. This can create more fear and anxiety.

What is the difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder?

Someone with somatic symptom disorder may obsess and worry about their health - just like someone with illness anxiety disorder. A person with somatic symptom disorder has true physical symptoms. But medical tests can't pinpoint a cause for the physical symptom.

Symptoms and Causes

What causes illness anxiety disorder?

Healthcare experts don't know why some people develop illness anxiety disorder. You may be more prone to illness anxiety disorder if you have a family history of:

Childhood trauma, such as child abuse or neglect.

Extreme stress.

Health anxieties or other anxiety disorders in your family.

Childhood illness or serious illness in your family during childhood.

Mental health issues, such as anxiety or depression.

Trauma, such as rape or physical or emotional abuse.

What are the symptoms of illness anxiety disorder?

People with illness anxiety disorder have ongoing but unrealistic fear about being seriously ill. The specific illness(es) that they worry about often changes.

Some people with illness anxiety disorder may actually have a diagnosed physical illness. But because of illness anxiety disorder, they may feel their condition is more severe than it is.

Symptoms of illness anxiety disorder include:

Avoiding people or places due to worry about catching an illness.

Constantly researching diseases and symptoms.

Exaggerating symptoms and their severity (for instance, a cough becomes a sign of lung cancer).

High level of anxiety about personal health.

Obsession with normal body functions, such as heart rate.

Oversharing your symptoms and health status with others.

Repeatedly checking for signs of illness, such as taking your blood pressure or temperature.

Seeking reassurance from loved ones about your symptoms or health.

Uneasiness with healthy body functions like gas or sweating.

Diagnosis and Tests

How is illness anxiety disorder diagnosed?

To diagnose illness anxiety disorder, healthcare providers refer to the criteria listed in the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), 5th edition. Your provider may make a diagnosis or they may refer you to a behavioral health specialist, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist.

A persistent fear about having a serious illness or developing one is the top symptom of illness anxiety disorder. Your provider may diagnose illness anxiety disorder if you have health anxiety (or other illness anxiety disorder symptoms) for six months or longer even after tests show that you're not sick.

Management and Treatment

What are the complications of illness anxiety disorder (hypochondria)?

Constant fear and worry can cause stress that impacts your physical and mental well-being. Illness anxiety disorder can harm your relationships and life. You may miss out on time with loved ones because you're concerned about your health. Some people become severely depressed and even suicidal.

Illness anxiety disorder also puts you at risk for:

Financial struggles due to medical bills and missed work.

Medical disability and unemployment.

Unnecessary medical tests and potential test complications.

How is illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis) managed or treated?

Your healthcare provider may partner with a mental health professional, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist, to help you manage the disorder. But you will continue to receive regular care from your provider.

Treatment goals focus on improving quality of life by minimizing symptoms. Treatments include:

Prevention

Can illness anxiety disorder be prevented?

Unfortunately, there is no known prevention against illness anxiety disorder. However, providing the illness anxiety disorder patient with support and understanding may help reduce severity of the symptoms, and help the patient cope with the disorder.

Outlook / Prognosis

What is the prognosis (outlook) for people who have illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis)?

Illness anxiety disorder is a chronic (ongoing) condition. You may go through periods where you have little or no health anxiety - and then it returns. You can take steps to keep illness anxiety disorder symptoms in check.

Living With

When should I call the doctor?

You might consider seeing a provider if you or others notice signs of illness anxiety disorder. You should call your healthcare provider if you experience depression, anxiety or other mood changes.

If you're experiencing suicidal thoughts, call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1.800.273.8255. This national network of local crisis centers provides 24/7 free, confidential support to people in suicidal crisis or emotional distress.

What questions should I ask my doctor?

You may want to ask your healthcare provider:

Why do I have illness anxiety disorder?

What are the best ways to manage illness anxiety disorder?

Should I look out for signs of complications?

A note from Cleveland Clinic
Everyone worries about their health from time to time. But if health anxiety affects your ability to enjoy life, you should talk honestly with your healthcare provider. Your provider can diagnose and treat illness anxiety disorder. Living with illness anxiety disorder can be challenging, but you can learn coping skills to help you enjoy good health again.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Illness Anxiety Disorder (Hypochondria): Symptoms & Treatments

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
People with illness anxiety disorder -- also called hypochondria or hypochondriasis -- have an unrealistic fear that they have a serious medical condition or fear that they're at high risk of becoming ill. They may misinterpret typical body functions as signs of illness.

# data[].attributes.body
Það er ekki vitað nákvæmlega hvað veldur þessari röskun en það eru nokkrir hlutir sem gætu aukið líkurnar á að fólk fái þessa röskun. Æska og uppeldi getur haft áhrif eins og með flest þar sem ef fólk varð fyrir ofbeldi eða vanræksla var fyrir. Mjög mikið stress, heilsu hræðsla eða kvíðaraskanir, almennar geðraskanir líkt og kvíði og þunglyndi, einnig getur mikið áfall líkt og nauðgun eða andlegt og líkamlegt ofbeldi áhrif.

# data[].attributes.body
Líkamseinkennaröskun er til staðar þegar sálræn eða tilfiningaleg vanlíðan svo sem ofskvíði eða þunglyndi, kemur fram í formi líkamlegra einkennni sem að öðru leyti er óútskýrt læknisfræðilega. En það eru nokkrar hlutir sem geta ýtt undir að fólk fái þessa röskun. Líkamlegt og kynferðislegt ofbeldi í æsku, skortan meðvitund á tilfiningum eða tilfiningaþroska í æsku, vegna vanrækslu foreldra og mikill kvíði eða þunglyndi. Um það bil 30%-60% einstaklinga sem eru með líkamseinkennaröskun eru með kvíða og/eða þunglyndi. Rosa algengt að sjúklingar koma a heilsugæslu með líkamleg einkenni sem virðast ekki eiga sér neinn augljósan líffræðilegan grundvöll.

# data[].attributes.body
Fólk með þessa röskun er með stöðugan þó óraunverulegan ótta við það að þau séu alvarlega veik eða munu veikjast alvarlega. Önnur einkenni innihalda:

Forðast fólk í hræsðlu um að veikjast,

Endalaust að afla sér upplýsinga um sjúkdóma og einkenni,

Ýkja einkenni á sjúkdómum,

Mjög mikill kvíðu um heilsu,

Fylgjast mjög vel með eðlilegri líkamstarfsemi líkt og hjartslætti,

Ofdeila um heilsu þeirra og einkenni við aðra,

Endalaust að leita að einkennum eins og kíkja á blóðþrýsing eða mæla hita.

Sækjast í fólkið í kringum sig um staðfestingu á þessum einkennum.

Óró við eðlilega og heilbrigða líkamsstarfsemi sem svita og fleirra.

# data[].attributes.body
Röskunin er greind eftir DSM-5 bókini. Helsta einkenni sem er notað í greiningunni er þessi stanslausi kvíði og hræðsla við að vera með alvarlegan sjúkdóm eða að fá alvarlegan sjúkdóm. Greinandi gæti líka greint einstakling sem er með heilsu kvíða með þessa röskun ef eintstaklingurinn hefur verið með þennan heilsu kvíða í meira en 6 mánuði eftir að rannsóknir sýna að viðkomandi sé heill heilsu.

# data[].attributes.body
Þú munt vinna í samvinnu með sálfræðing um að reyna að auka lífsgæðin og minnka einkenni röskuninar. Vinsæl leið er að nota þunglyndislyf til að minnka kvíðan og vanlíðan sem að fylgir röskuninni. Helsta meðferða aðferðin sem notuð er hugræn sálfræði með það markmið að viðkomandi tali sig í gegnum vandan og læri að hugsa að hann sé ekki alvarlega veikur og það meikar ekki sens að hann sé það.

# data[].attributes.body
Eddie Kaspbrak í myndini IT er mjög gott dæmi um þessa röskun og hvernig uppeldi á þátt í því.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
eddie kaspbrak concerned about health for 3 minutes straight

# data[].attributes.body
Fólk með Líkamseinkennaröskun upplifa líkamleg einkenni svo sem: verki, máttleysi eða grunnan anda drátt. Það getur verið vegna sjúkdóma eða haft enga ástæðu. Líkamlegu einkenni geta verið væg til alvarleg sársauka og einstaklingur sem er með þessa röskun getur upplifað meira en ein einkenni. Hvernig er brugðist við þessi einkenni er helstu einkenni af Líkamseinkennaröskun svo sem:

Kvíði um líkamlegi einkennin

Hafa áhyggjur af vægi líkamlegu einkennin að þau séu merki um alvarlegan sjúkdóm

Fara í alskonar skoðun og prufur og trúa ekki niðurstöðunum sem læknirinn aflar þeim.

Líður að læknir þeirra taka ekki einkenninn þeirra alvarlega.

Truflanir á daglegt líf einstaklinga.

# data[].attributes.body
Röskunin er greind fyrst með líkamlegu prufum til að útiloka sjúkdómum sem geta verið að valda líkamlegu einkennin síðan er skoðað heilsufarssögu ef niðurstöðurnar sýna að enginn sjúkdómar eru til staðar þá ráðir læknirinn um að fara til sálfræðings eða til geðlækni. Fyrir einstakling til að vera greind með Líkamseinkennaröskun þarf hann að hafa meiri en ein eiknenni sem hafa verið að trufla hann í daglegu lífi í um það bil í 6 mánuði. Einungis þurfa þau að hafa hugsanir eða hegðunir sem bregðast við einkennin.

# data[].attributes.body
Sálfræðismeðferð getur hjálpað einstakling að breyta hugsunarhátt og hegðun og fundið aðferðir til að takast á við sársauka og auka líðan. Ef einstaklingurinn er með þunglyndi eða kvíða er verið að nota þunglyndis- eða kvíða lyf til að minnka vanlíðan bæta einkennum.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Overview

What is somatic symptom disorder?

Somatic symptom disorder is a disorder in which individuals feel excessively distressed about their health and also have abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in response to their symptoms. There are different subtypes of the disorder based on the patient's complaint. The disorder causes a disruption in the patient's normal functioning and quality of life.

Although a person with somatic symptom disorder reports symptoms, the symptoms may have no medical explanation. Even when there is a medical cause, the person's worry is out of proportion to the symptom. The distress causes the patient to visit multiple healthcare providers and to have many medical tests and unnecessary procedures.

How common is somatic symptom disorder?

Somatic symptom disorder occurs in about 5 to 7 percent of the adult population.

Who is affected by somatic symptom disorder?

Women are ten times more likely to report somatic symptoms than men. This is explained by the fact that the disorder is often related to childhood abuse and trauma to which women are more often exposed than men. Somatic symptom disorder can appear in any age group.

Symptoms and Causes

What causes somatic symptom disorder?

Researchers believe there are many factors including biological susceptibility (it's more common in women), exposure to emotional stress in childhood, and psychological factors such as learned ways of thinking in the context of a person's social environment. The main factors include:

Childhood physical and sexual abuse.

Poor awareness of emotions/emotional development during childhood. This can be the result of such things as parental neglect or lack of emotional closeness.

Excessive anxiety and attention to bodily processes and possible signs of illness; low pain threshold.

What are the symptoms of somatic symptom disorder?

Somatic symptom disorder symptoms include:

Pain. This is the most commonly reported symptom. Areas of reported pain can include chest, arms, legs, joints, back, abdomen, and other areas.

Neurological symptoms such as headaches, movement disorders, weakness, dizziness, fainting

Digestive symptoms such as abdominal pain or bowel problems, diarrhea, incontinence, and constipation

Sexual symptoms such as pain during sexual activity or painful periods

Usually, patients report experiencing more than one symptom. Symptoms can range from mild to severe. Approximately 30 to 60 percent of patients with somatic symptom disorder also have anxiety and/or depression.

Who is at risk of developing somatic symptom disorder?

Studies have found certain risk factors associated with somatic symptom disorder. These risk factors include a history of:

Substance abuse

Alcohol abuse

Neglect during childhood

Physical and sexual abuse

Chaotic lifestyle/trauma

Chronic illness during childhood

Presence of other psychiatric disorders, especially anxiety or depression

A heightened attention to bodily sensations

Diagnosis and Tests

How is somatic symptom disorder diagnosed?

Your doctor will do a physical exam and probably order some laboratory tests to rule out diseases based on your symptoms. He or she will also ask you about your health history. If test results do not show the presence of an illness and you have the risk factors for the disorder, your doctor may refer you to a mental health provider for assessment.

A mental health specialist confirms a diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder using specific criteria. To be diagnosed, a patient:

Must have one or more symptoms that cause distress or disrupt daily life.

Must have excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors in response to the symptoms that meet at least one of the following criteria:

Overly excessive and long-lasting thoughts about the seriousness of the symptoms

Continuously high levels of anxiety about health or symptoms

Extreme amount of time and energy focused on symptoms and health concerns

One or more symptoms must be persistent (typically present for more than 6 months)

Management and Treatment

How is somatic symptom disorder treated?

The goal of treating somatic symptom disorder is to manage symptoms using both behavioral therapy and sometimes medications that treat the underlying anxiety and depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy that helps patients learn ways to change their patterns of thinking or behavior in order to change the way they feel. CBT helps patients better cope with anxiety and stress and respond to situations more effectively. If medication is prescribed, antidepressants are a common choice. Antidepressants in addition to helping mood, have been reported to help ease such symptoms as pain, fatigue, pain in joints, and sleep problems.

Prevention

Can somatic symptom disorder be prevented?

Somatic symptom disorder cannot be prevented but can be treated.

Outlook / Prognosis

What is the outlook for patients who have somatic symptom disorder?

Patients with somatic symptom disorder have symptoms that come and go for many years. The good news is that with treatment, most patients can experience an improvement in their symptoms.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Somatic symptom disorder is a disorder in which individuals feel excessively distressed about their health and also have abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in response to their symptoms. There are different subtypes of the disorder based on the patient's complaint. The disorder causes a disruption in the patient's normal functioning and quality of life.

# data[].attributes.body
Dæmi um hvernig Líkameinkennaröskun getur borið fram hjá fólki

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Somatic Symptom Disorder - Media Example

# data[].attributes.headline
Hver er munurinn á Líkamseinkennaröskun og sjúkdómskvíðaröskun?

# data[].attributes.subject
Hver er munurinn á Líkamseinkennaröskun og sjúkdómskvíðaröskun?

# data[].attributes.body
Helsti munurinn milli þessara raskana er að í líkamseinkennaröskun þá fer einstaklingur að ofmeta líkamsleg einkenni sem eru til staðar á meðan í sjúkdómskvíðaröskun þá er einstaklingur að sérblýna á einkenni sem ekki eru til staðar til að byrja með. Önnur leið til að orða þetta er að fólk með sjúkdómskvíðaröskun er með mikin ótta með að veikjast eða að þau séu alvarlega veik en þvert á móti fólki sem er með líkamseinkennaröskun þá eru fólk með sjúkdómskvíðaröskun með enginn líkamleg einkenni.