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This is a division under the department of justice whose mission is to protect people's right against discrimination through enforcement, education, and coordination. Civil rights violations include workplace, housing, and school discrimination, hate crimes and discrimination in public places. They ensure that people know that their race, religion, sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation are protected against discrimination under the law. Our characters could have found some justice if this resource was available to them since they experienced all of this types of discrimination. Frank could have started a report for religious discrimination, and people close to Brown and Howard could have filed a report for hate crimes. The Civil Rights Division would have got back to them with what to do next and provided resources for justice.

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Examples

Fired, not hired, or demoted for reasons unrelated to job performance or qualifications

Retaliated against for reporting discrimination

Inappropriately asked to provide immigration documentation

Denied reemployment or fired based on military service

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Contact the Civil Rights Division | Department of Justice

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Have you or someone you know experienced unlawful discrimination? The Civil Rights Division may be able to help. Civil rights laws can protect you from unlawful discrimination, harassment, or abuse in a variety of settings like housing, the workplace, school, voting, businesses, healthcare, public spaces, and more.

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IJ & Jeanne Wagner Jewish Community Center

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IJ & Jeanne Wagner Jewish Community Center

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The IJ & Jeanné Wagner Jewish Community Center in Salt Lake City, Utah offers educational, cultural, and recreational experiences to the community. There are various events and services, including summer camps, personal training, daycare services, massage therapy, and an annual Jewish arts festival. Having a resource in the community that provides all these services and is also explicitly Jewish can lessen stigma against Jewish people by normalizing elements of their culture and providing an example of the benefits provided to the larger population due to their presence in society.

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IJ & Jeanné Wagner Jewish Community Center

Salt Lake City JCC

Enriching the life of the Jewish community and the community at large by offering educational, cultural, and recreational opportunities in a place where people of all backgrounds, cultures, and beliefs gather in peace and understanding.

Our Community welcomes you to take part in our wonderful events and programming.

Join as an individual or a family. We have programming for all ages.

Join the JCC

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Home - IJ & Jeanné Wagner Jewish Community Center

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IJ & Jeanné Wagner Jewish Community Center located in Salt Lake City, Utah, works to enrich the Jewish community and the community at large by offering educational, cultural and recreational opportunities.

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Safe Place: Safe Place is an organization that provides a place for people 18 years and younger to go and have a safe place to hang out. They work with other organizations to provide multiple safe places such as fire stations and YMCAs. It is an extremely beneficial place for students to have a place and create community if they have nowhere to go after school, work, sports practices, etc..

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Center for Black Equity: their mission is, "To promote a multinational LGBTQ+ network dedicated to improving health and wellness opportunities, economic empowerment, and equal rights while promoting individual and collective work, responsibility and self-determination." Center for Black Equity has resouces for HIV testing and vaccination locaters, they work with other organizations to advocate & educate LGBTQ+ equity, as well as, provide events open to the public. Center for Black Equity can relate back to Banko and Charlie because they both faced discrimation of being queer, and Banko being a person of color. This non-profit is capable of helping boost queer education and spreading a much needed support system of LGBTQ+ people of color.

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Leo Frank was the factory director of the Pencil Factory Company. Mary Phagan was a teenage girl who worked there. She was sexually molested and brutally murdered at the factory. Leo Frank was found guilty of the crime after an extremely short trial and lack of evidence. Because he was Jewish, the public was convinced he was the perpetrator, and subsequently harassed the jury enough to sentence Frank to lo capital punishment. Nonetheless, his sentence was reduced, but that did not save him from a death by lynching by the people that still thought he was guilty.

Charlie Howard was an openly gay individual who was from Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Charlie experienced a lot of bullying due to his sexuality. One night, three drunk boys threw Charlie off a bridge simply because of his sexuality. Although the boys were arrested, they were shortly released after authorities claimed that they were no further threat to the community.

Banko Brown was a young transgender black man that was killed outside a pharmacy by a security guard. The security guard thought he had shoplifted some candy. After some confrontation, he fatally shot Brown. At the time of the incident Brown was unarmed and did not pose a threat to the store or to the security guard.

Analysis: Leo Frank, Charlie Howard, and Banko Brown were all killed for no other reason than for being different. Frank was killed because he was Jewish, Howard because he was gay, and Brown because he was both black and transgender. The three incidents represent the dehumanization of people, where they are seen solely as one part of their identity rather than a whole human being. This is exacerbated by practices that go beyond the individual level. Additionally, these incidents are all similar due to the failure of the justice system in each of these cases. Leo Frank's guilty verdict was heavily influenced by the judgement of the mob and their threats against the jury. The boys who killed Charlie Howard were released almost immediately after committing the crime. The security guard who shot Banko Brown did not face criminal charges and was instead only fined $1500 for violating uniform standards and inappropriately concealing his weapon.

Jewish people have been persecuted and targeted many times during history (p.124). To name a few examples, they were expelled from some states during the civil war, and they were also targeted by the Ku Klux Klan (p. 397). The systemic discrimination against Black people has its roots in slavery, arguably the most extreme form of dehumanization (pp. 195, 248). Homophobia was also common in the U.S, with dominant religions speaking loudly against it (pp. 204, 393).

Because these practices rob power away from the populations they target, we encounter cases like our character’s. Cases where people cannot defend their character because they have already been labeled as deviant or guilty, and where people do not speak up against the injustices committed because they are not perceived as injustices at all.  Discrimination like this is fed by stereotypes and prejudices (pp. 389-390). Which in turn enter what could be described as a feedback mechanism where stereotypes and prejudice inform people’s attitudes, which to some extent inform public policy, institutional messages, and even the perception of the dominant culture about minorities, all of which goes back to affecting how people think of certain populations.

Samovar, L. A., Porter, R. E., McDaniel, E. R., & Roy, C. S. (2016). Communication between cultures. Cengage Learning.

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Stopbullying.gov is a website that includes resouces and assistance for LGBTQIA+ youth, including examples of community groups that offer support and options to seek counseling. Charlie Howard faced extreme bullying and harrassment due to his sexuality, this website emphasizes on how to create a safe environment for LGBTQIA+ youth in different communities.

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Stop Bullying on the Spot

When adults respond quickly and consistently to bullying behavior they send the message that it is not acceptable. Research shows this can stop bullying behavior over time.

Parents, school staff, and other adults in the community can help kids prevent bullying by talking about it, building a safe school environment, and creating a community-wide bullying prevention strategy.

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StopBullying.gov provides information from various government agencies on bullying, cyberbullying, prevention and response.

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The Community Relationships Service provides facilitation for dialogue, mediation, training, and consultation for communities to resolve conflicts related to discrimination based on race, color, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion, and more. The services provided by them are voluntary and free, and although they do not have any law enforcement authority, they still work with communities to resolve discrimination conflicts. This resource would have help the cases of our characters by helping inform the public of other ways conflicts can be solved other than with violence.

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Jordan Howell

Wesley Bryant

Fern Caceres

Arden Braun

Andrea Ibarra

Mickey Gough

Cade Hastings

Shakar Gautam

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Lambda Legal is an LGBTQI charity that focuses on fighting for the legal rights of queer individuals and persons living with HIV. They have been involved in numerous civil rights cases that help defend the rights of queer people such as Laurence v. Texas in 2003 and Obergefell v. Hodges in 2015. They provide amazing information about the history of legal rights in the US for LGBTQI people and persons living with HIV as well as directly fighting on behalf of these groups. This organization has been deeply influential in the queer rights movement and continues to fight for equality today through various avenues.

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RAINN provides support for survivors of sexual violence, including counseling services, an online hotline, and resources for coping with trauma. In the case of Mary Phagan's murder and the accusations against Leo Frank, emotional support would have been beneficial for Frank himself, as well as for his family who may have been traumatized by the wrongful accusation.

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RAINN | The nation's largest anti-sexual violence organization

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Donate Donate Monthly Honor Someone Give to a Fundraiser Shop for RAINN Plan Your Legacy Donor-Advised Fund Donate Stock Workplace Giving Combined Federal Campaign Corporate Partnerships Take Political Action Volunteer Spread the Word on Social Media Start a Fundraiser Student Activism Tell Your Story Join the Speakers Bureau Request a Speaker Intern at RAINN Work at RAINN Sign-up for News & Alerts

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PFLAG is the largest LGBTQ+ nonprofit in the United States. It has been wildly influential in providing support for the queer community and has provided opportunities for allies to become involved in the fight for LGBTQ+ rights in the United States. This organization is well known for being a support system and network for those looking to get assistance and provide assistance.

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ADL stands for Anti Defamation League is a non-governmental advocacy group that works to combat anti-semitism and other forms of extremism. They were founded in 1913, preceding the Leo Frank case. If the ADL had more power or influence during the case, it might've ended differently.

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National Alliance to End Homelessness is a non profit organization working to build policies and support the prevention of homelessness. Banko Brown, had been homeless since they were 12 years old. If more policies against homelessness and in support of aiding people to get out the cycle, perhaps Bank Brown would still be here with us today.