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I was born in Kaiser Permanente in San Francisco, CA. My mother is Salvadorean and my father is Mexican. Ever since I was a young girl I was always into fashion and makeup, I was just a girly girl. My mother and I were very close and still are even though we might disagree but that's just because we are so alike that we have the same attitude. My father and I started to get closer when I was maturing more and he would always be there to listen to my long conversations. He would always give the best advice, everything I do is mostly for him because he has worked so hard for me and my siblings that I would just love to show my appreciation for it when I'm older. I am so grateful that I have never broken a bone in my body so I haven't had a very traumatic experience with that but something that has truly impacted me was the passing of my grandpa in September 2017. Words cannot describe how this affected me and my family members so much. My grandpa and I were very close, so close that we shared the same birthday on October 20th. Losing him to cancer was very hard and I struggled to focus in school but I would always remember how he always pushed me to do my best and I make sure to always complete that. My family is truly my number one supporter even if we may not always be on the same page they have always stuck by me and supported my every move. They have shaped my life and helped me become the person I am today.

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The theory I agree with is Identity vs Role confusion. It is when young teens at the age of 12-18 are discovering who they are and their purpose. This stage is where many teens explore and try new things to find a self-purpose. Many teens set goals and discover new ideas to find their own identity. Like all teens during those ages, the main struggle for them is figuring out the next step in their life, and many are not sure what they want in the future. I agree with this theory because I think that it's very true, young teens at these ages are barely figuring out what they want to do. Young teens are now growing up, and so many struggle to find their purpose. For example, I have gone through this stage because I was unsure of what I wanted to do in the future. I was juggling between choosing to become a nurse or a teacher, and in the end, I realized teaching is something that inspired me, and I loved the idea of it.

I don't disagree with any of the theories the only thing I can say is that it does not happen to everyone. Everybody is different, but I do believe that these theories apply to certain people. As I was reading the theories, most of them made sense, and it opened my mind to a better understanding of the stages and their brain development. I know people who have struggled with these events, and I, too, have struggled before when I was fifteen. Especially the theory that if you have no self-love, then it's best not to put yourself in a relationship because if you cannot love yourself, then how can you give somebody else love? You're just damaging yourself and others around you. What I will say is that some of these theories may not apply to everyone, and that is what's interesting to maybe study.

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It is important to learn about Gene Linked abnormalities and chromosomal Abnormalities because it is apart of the human growth and shows the genetic disorders. They are a genetic condition when two genes are close together on the same chromosome. This knowledge is good for teachers, nurses and parents because it is very helpful for them to understand young kids with these conditons and it helps them find the best ways to interact and communicate with young kids. Educators I feel are the ones who help these kids the most but many arent very educated and dont know what to do in certain situations.

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Postnatal care is when the mother has already given birth and now its time to take care of the mother for the first 6 weeks. Postnatal care really helps mothers because it shows that they as well are taken care of because for most mothers it can be a struggle to carry a baby for nine months and this shows mothers that we care for them. Also they provide food and care for the mother and medication if needed so that the mother is feeling well rested. Postpartum depression occurs when the mother already gave birth and it is something serious that affects the mothers mental health. It is when there is a drop in the mothers hormones estrogen and progesterone in their bodies. The mother may feel strong feelings of sadness, anxiety, and tiredness for a very long time. Many mothers may feel agitated or irritated with their partners or baby for a period of time. When this occurs it is best to be gentle and calm with the mother and understand her so that she may feel comfortable and safe. Best resources for these mothers would be talking to your health care provider so that they may give you information of different health clinics that give support groups for mothers who go through postpartum depression as well. If some mothers don't have access to these resources other ways to help them would be to support them as their partner and tell them that you're there to help and listen to whatever she may need. Whether that be cleaning the house making dinner taking care of the baby, whatever you must do to show that you support her and are willing to help her out.

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The difference between infantile marasmus and kwashiorkor is that Infantile marasmus is due to the lack of calories and protein and usually occurs when there is extreme food scarcity. Kwashiokor also occurs when there is a lack of protein despite a sufficient calorie intake. They design and apply appropriate nutrition policies that would strengthen healthy feeding practices, support breastfeeding, and make sure there is access to nutritious foods for infants. Policymakers finance nutrition programs, maternal and child health, and food assistance that provide support to vulnerable families. They make regulations about food safety, labeling, and marketing to protect infants from any harmful products. There are several steps parents can take to promote healthy gross motor development in infancy by ensuring they have a balanced diet, smoother movements, engaging in activities, and also encouraging goal-directed behavior, for example, placing your child's favorite toy a few steps away so that they are willing to crawl and move their muscles to get the toy. Making sure that your baby has a balanced diet is very important because it supports growth and muscle development. Also, make sure that your infant has some tummy time because it is super helpful and strengthens the back muscles and shoulder muscles. Allow them to be able to explore what is around them under supervision; this will help infants to be more aware of what they are surrounded by. All of these ways that I listed can help parents promote healthy gross motor development and it helps your baby to grow stronger and healthier.

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After watching the two videos, parents must teach their kids the language. As I watched the video, it was amazing how the baby was supposedly conversing with his dad. Although babies do not understand what their parents are saying, they hear the tone of their voice, and they can repeat that same tone. When a parent talks to their child, it helps the child's development and teaches them to communicate and develop language skills. When talking to your child also strengthens their social and emotional skills. It promotes and gives your baby the confidence to be able to learn how to speak. At eight months, babies will start to groan or make other noises randomly, and they are trying to express themselves with these sounds. Most of the parents also talked about how their babies liked to squeal, and one mother said how her child tried to mimic the pattern of big people's voices. Babies at a young age are like a sponge they absorb so much from what's around them, and their brains can captivate the sound of the parents talking. It is essential to let your babies explore what's around them while, of course, being observant and careful of any dangerous objects in their surroundings. Also, try to encourage your baby to talk or to point to things to show you what they need. Let your baby try problem-solving when they are stuck in one place, encourage them to crawl or to walk, and little by little, these kids' brains will develop, and things will start to click.

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The definition of temperament refers to the characteristics of one's emotions. Temperament occurs when we feel angry and mad and start to act a certain way because of this anger. The three types of temperament are easy temperament, difficult temperament, and slow-to-warm-up temperament. Easy temperament is when the child is cheerful and joyful and approaches new experiences positively. Difficult temperament is when children are in a negative mood and have irregular sleeping and eating schedules. The slow-to-warm-up temperament is when the child reacts to their environment negatively but then adjusts and gets comfortable. The goodness of fit model describes the child's temperament and the parenting styles they experience. Parents can promote a healthy environment for the socio-emotional development of their child by having an understanding of their child's temperament and choosing the best response.  Encourage a positive atmosphere for your child and ensure them a safe space for them to express their emotions and validate their feelings. Emotional self-regulation is where we can realize and respond to one's emotional experiences. Ways that parents can help their children navigate their emotions by allowing them to be able to express how they are feeling with words and show that it is a safe place to talk about their emotions. Practicing problem-solving is very important as well because it teaches these young children that there are solutions to the problem, and it helps develop their brains. Reinforcing positive behavior can also be a way to help your children navigate their emotions and can trigger them to start thinking outside the box so they can successfully express their emotions.

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The types of play would be physical play, social play, games, etc. Having play time for children is needed because it helps them with their gross motor skills when they run, climb, or jump. It can also bring spatial awareness and help them navigate their environment. Also, it just helps them to enjoy their childhood and have a safe place where they can play, imagine, and explore their creativity. What Parents and educators can do to promote play-based learning would be to create safe play environments that allow children to have a safe place to explore and have fun. Encouraging social interactions is important as well because it helps them with their language skills, and interacting with other children can develop social skills. Educators can use games that help promote learning for math, science, and other subjects. This can create a positive environment for the child to have the courage to engage because they see it as something fun. Some children can be shy, and having activities that are fun and help them socialize with other students can create a safe space for them. The article I found titled "The Power of Play: How Fun and Games Help Children Thrive." The key parts of this article portrayed the many forms of play that can enrich a child's brain, body, and life in important ways. The research showed how play can improve children's ability to organize, interact with others, and regulate their emotions. Play also helps with language, math, and social skills and at times can help children cope with stress.

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To start, if I were to create a preschool, I would make a safe environment for all the kids to feel welcomed and comfortable. I would use Piaget's cognitive theory because it helps kids learn in a more fun way and motivates children to try something new. It can help them approach issues and use problem-solving. Some lessons and activities that I think would help motivate the children would involve some sort of team-building exercise to encourage students to branch out and work together to solve the problem. For example, arranging numbers one through ten in order, and whoever gets it right first wins a prize. What children like is to win something and to have a prize, and we can use this as a way to motivate children to learn their letters or learn their numbers and shapes. Piaget's cognitive theory focuses on the child as a play-based learning where the child can experience a fun environment and still learn. While Vygotsky's theory focuses on a direct approach where the child learns from a more knowledgeable point of view. Vygotskys theory does work in some cases, but some children tend to get distracted or cannot learn with that approach. Many children are visual learners or more hands-on, and they learn by doing activities that are fun yet educating them.  I agree with Piaget's theory because, personally, when I was a kid, I liked to do fun and educational activities. I enjoyed doing fun learning games. It also helped me to be more social around other kids and be able to connect with them.

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Self-concept in early childhood develops through a complicated interaction of cognitive, social, emotional, and cultural factors. This developmental process typically occurs in several stages, reflecting a child's increasing awareness of themselves and their interactions with the world around them. A four-year-old child would describe themselves based on what they see and their appearance. Like observable traits, abilities, and experiences. They will start to name their physical appearances, like their hair color. They will also name abilities that they can do, for example, "I know how to ride a bike." Overall, a 4 year's description of themselves is straightforward on their reality. They express their identity with a current understanding of themselves playfully and imaginatively. Self-esteem in early childhood develops through a combination of internal and external factors, which include the child’s experiences, relationships, and developmental milestones. Between ages 3 and 5, children start to analyze their abilities in various areas, such as physical skills, creativity, and social interactions. Their perception of success or failure in these areas significantly influences their self-esteem.

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Eating disorders are mental disorders defined by abnormal eating behaviors that affect a person's physical and psychological health. These behaviors include eating too much or too little.  Eating disorders are increasingly affecting younger children and can have serious consequences for both physical and emotional health. Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). A mix of genetic factors, psychological factors, and ecological aspects such as low self-regard, social pressures, and family attitudes toward food and body image often causes these conditions. Young children battle with how they see their bodies, and this leads to unhealthy eating habits and emotional distress. Drastic weight changes can occur as symptoms—while people may also exhibit a preoccupation with food or dieting and withdraw from social situations, they might experience important mood swings as well. Parents and caregivers are important in providing early intervention and support to address these issues and encourage a healthier relationship with food and self-image. Families can promote open communication and model healthy behaviors, and they can seek professional help to reduce the risks of eating disorders and guarantee their children's well-being. Young children at the ages of 10- 15 absorb the toxic beauty norms and standards that are portrayed in the media. Young kids often get bullied because of their appearance, and this can affect a young child's mental and physical health. Parents can promote a healthy relationship with food and body image to their kids so that these negative thoughts of eating less or eating more don't affect them when they are older. Also, just normalizing and accepting one's beauty is a valuable lesson to teach to your kids so that they are able to have that understanding and kindness towards others because they may not know what goes on in other people's lives.

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Intrinsic motivation is the desire to engage in any activity for its own sake, whether it’s for a personal pleasure, enjoyment, or a sense of success. When someone is intrinsically driven, they tend to pursue things that they find more fulfilling in and of themselves rather than seeking some type of external benefit or validation. If you need an example, it would be a person who enjoys reading books because they enjoy delving into a world of fantasy or simply learning about new facts if it’s a nonfiction book. Now on the other hand, extrinsic motivation tends to stem from external incentives or demands. This might include incentives such as grades, money or simply trying to avoid undesirable consequences so this would be more like a student that doesn’t enjoy school, but still tries hard so that their parents don’t get upset or so that they can make good money in the future, even though they’re pursuing a career that he or she doesn’t even like. In terms of self efficacy, it would play a significant role in motivation and academic performance because children who have strong self efficacy they believe that they can achieve any of their endeavors, and this motivates them to persevere even when they face problems. In contrast people that have poor self efficacy, they tend to mistrust any of their talents so they run away or shut down any idea of taking a higher position/more difficult job or they give up more quickly in the face of failure.

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The topic I chose was cognitive development because I was very intrigued by how adolescents start to do abstract thinking and decision-making. Cognitive development in toddlers, ages 1-3 years, is a period of rapid growth in which children begin to make significant gains in how they process information and view the world. At this stage, the brains of toddlers are maturing to develop the basic skills necessary to perceive their environment, solve simple problems, and communicate thoughts and feelings. One of the most important features of cognitive development in toddlers is egocentrism, or the inability to fully comprehend that others may think differently, feel differently, and have different points of view. A toddler may believe that everyone else thinks just like he or she does. For instance, a toddler might be playing with a toy, and then a parent asks for the toy. The child might respond in frustration because they may not yet understand that the parent has a different need. Toddlers at this age are taught that it is okay if you don't share the same feelings as others. Toddlers understand that others can have feelings different from their own, and they will start to show signs of empathy.

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What have you learned about Child Development by compiling this portfolio? Looking at individual journals and looking at them as a whole masterpiece?

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What have you learned about Child Development by compiling this portfolio? Looking at individual journals and looking at them as a whole masterpiece?

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While completing this portfolio, I have learned that Child development is a variety of factors that contribute to the development of an adolescent. Not only are we focusing on the brain of the young child but also their physical development, emotional development, and social development, which play key factors in one's growth.

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My top three journals are

Sep 6

Sep 27

Oct 11

The reason why these journals were in my top three was because I enjoyed writing them, and Each journal felt personal and was something I imagined for myself in the future to be able to care for my child and have positive teachings towards them.

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How has your knowledge about Child Development developed through the practical application journals?

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How has your knowledge about Child Development developed through the practical application journals?

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My knowledge of child development has developed tremendously because of the practical application journals because each journal entry was something new. The journal entries gave me knowledge of how children's brains and physical bodies develop.