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We of the South Have never recognized the right of the negro to govern white men, and we never will. We have never believed him to be equal to the white man, and we will not submit to his gratifying lust on our wives and daughters without lynching him." - Senator Benjamin Tillman from South Carolina

Ida B. Wells was a prominent Journalist who advocated against the injustices many Black Africans faced. One of these injustices was lynching. The quote provided is one of many she heard throughout the fight against lynching. The GIF depicts her struggles and strength. Because of her, many lynchings and civil rights laws were encouraged. She was also a prominent figure in the fight for women's rights.

Gif: Ida B. Wells Visual

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"The drums of Africa still beat in my heart. They will not let me rest while there is a single Negro boy or girl without a chance to prove his worth."

- Mary Mcleod Bethune, founder of the National Council of Negro Women

The image depicts a Black man under a sign that reads "Colored Waiting Room." The laws and codes that wrote and allowed the words on this sign are responsible for the oppression and racism Black Americans faced during this era, they were not able to live up to their full potential and as the quote says, prove their worth. Black reformers and activists, like Bethune, strove for equality among races and genders. Images like these show how despite the relative newness of Black freedom, Black people were not on the same level as White Americans and were treated inhumanly.

ProQuest Black Freedom

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Uncle Sam (soliloquizing)--"If there were more men like Booker T. Washington the Negro problem would soon be solved."

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"Booker T. Washington did not use algebraic exercises as a means to train his scholars to reason clearly concerning hog rearing; he used hogs."

- The Seattle Republican, 1912

As the founder of a small school in Alabama, Booker T. Washington believed that education was a powerful tool that could be used to bring people out of poverty. Washington did not teach poor Black Americans just for education's sake but often pushed society to teach necessary knowledge that would help them succeed in the long run. In the drawing, Uncle Sam's remark that the "problem" of Black Americans would be solved if more men were like Washington, relates to the quote of Washington teaching necessary skills, using a hog, for the task at hand, hog rearing. The quote notes that it is unreasonable to use algebra for hog rearing, alluding to the idea that for education to be helpful, we must be teaching essential things, just as Washington did.

New York Public Library Digital Collections

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Governor Blease walks arm in arm with a hooded figure (KKK member) with a rope and stick labelled "Lynch Law."

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"During the last ten years a new statute has been added to the “unwritten law.” This statute proclaims that for certain crimes or alleged crimes no negro shall be allowed a trial; that no white woman shall be compelled to charge an assault under oath or to submit any such charge to the investigation of a court of law." - Ida B. Wells

This quote is from one of her most well-known pieces, "Lynch Law in America." She talks about how there is an unwritten law that prohibits black people from getting a trial. The fact that black people were not given a trial allows white people to lynch black people with nothing but an accusation from another white person, usually a white woman. The image above shows the "Lynch Law" walking hand in hand with Governor Blease, who supported the lynching of black people and was a white supremacist, hence the lynch law being written on someone apart of the Ku Klux Klan. The fact that black people were not given a trial and the large amount of white supremacy at the time gave rise to more lynchings, and that unwritten rule became known as "Lynch Law."

Virginia Commonwealth University

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"The problem with the twentieth century is the problem of the color line".

-WEB DuBois

Web Dubois was an extremely prominent figure in activism during the early twentieth century. He advocated for socialism and pan-Africanist ideas. He made great advancements in black American communities and was the first black man to receive a PhD from Harvard. He invented the NAACP newspaper, which allowed black Americans to spread their messages and ideas. The quote connects to the image by displaying how organizations had to be founded to help destroy racial segregation that was occurring during the period.

Library of Congress

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"If the civil and political rights of both races be equal, one cannot be inferior to the other civilly or politically. If one race be inferior to the other socially, the Constitution of the United States cannot put them upon the same plane." - Supreme Court Ruling of Plessy V Fergeson

The video describes the impact of the "separate but equal" declaration of the Supreme Court which is shown through the quote. It shows that during that time, Black Americans continued to face prejudice and unequal treatment even though they were able to become US citizens. The Brown v. Board of Education made the "separate but equal" doctrine unconstitutional. This was a large victory in the fight for civil rights.

Plessy v. Ferguson Informational Video

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Plessy v. Ferguson | BRI’s Homework Help Series

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"And little lads, lynchers that were to be, Danced round the dreadful thing in fiendish glee." - Claude McKay

This poem was written during the progressive era during the same time as the "Lynch Law" and the rise of white supremacy. This poem comments on the pervasive issue of an innocent black man being lynched because of accusation of a white person. The quote, which is the final line of the poem, comments on the racism passed down generation by generation through these practices. While the children are innocently dancing, it seemingly is in celebration of this man being lynched, showing how easy it is to pass down this racism and hatred.

The Lynching

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"When I think of the Harlem Renaissance, I think of bright colors, and bold, dynamic art. African American artists of the period were, in large measure, breaking out of the constrictions white society had set for them. They were claiming and remaking their images, and doing so in bold and striking ways." - Nikki Grimes

The Harlem Renaissance was a step forward in African-American culture in America as it was a major artistic movement in Harlem. Black Americans in Harlem had started a cultural rise in things such as music, art, dance, literature, theater, and politics. Harlem was extremely popular for black Americans as they headed north, which is why Harlem was the location of this Renaissance. The image connects to the quote by emphasizing the expression of Black Americans during the Harlem Renaissance. It displays their creativity and ideas outside of current social structures.

The Harlem Renaissance inspired many other black Americans to innovate and do their things as it was an awakening to African American culture in America.

National Gallery of Art

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Factual:

What Supreme Court Case legalized racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine?

Who was the founder of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881?

Inference:

How was Ida B. Wells significant during the Progressive Era?

What was the significance of the NAACP and other similar organizations during the Progressive Era?

Skill:

Describe how racial discrimination continued after the Progressive Era?

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African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church

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African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church

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"If you love your children, if you love your country, if you love the God of Our love, clear your hands from slaves, burden not your children or country with them." - Richard Allen, Founder of AME Church

The AME (African Methodist Episcopal Church was founded by Richard Allen. The church was a sanctuary for Black Americans who continued to struggle in an unjust America. The visual above is the location where the church was founded. It provided food, shelter, and hope. It also helped increase social life and community growth.

Cilo