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J Nursing Management - 2012 - WARD - Attitudes towards the Infection Prevention and Control Nurse  an interview study

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Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections  A Narrative Overview

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1) measuring pulse

Checking plaster cast

2) dressing change

IV antibiotics

Central line bloods

Catheter insertion

3) blood test

Catheter bag drainage

4) taking temperature

5) Making the bed

Taking away dirty linen

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Hand hygiene: top tips for skin health and glove use | RCN Magazine | Royal College of Nursing

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How nursing staff can balance skin health, appropriate glove use and infection prevention and control

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World Health Organisation - Hand Hygiene, the evidence for clean hands.

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The problem

Available evidence shows that compliance with hand hygiene recommendations during health care delivery remains suboptimal around the world, with an average of 59.6% compliance levels in intensive care units up to 2018, and extreme differences between high income and low income countries (64.5% vs 9.1%).

Out of every 100 patients in acute-care hospitals, seven patients in high-income countries (HICs) and 15 patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) will acquire at least one health care-associated infection during their hospital stay.

Most health-care facilities have an intermediate level of hand hygiene implementation or higher, for which health care facility funding and country income level are important drivers.

WHO / Hugh Kinsella Cunningham
Handwashing and hygiene procedures at Kitatumba Hospital, Butembo. This hospital is receiving support from the WHO.

The solution

Most HAIs are preventable through hand hygiene performed at the right times.

The WHO Guidelines on hand hygiene in health care outline hand hygiene recommendations and are complemented by the WHO Multimodal hand hygiene improvement strategy, the Guide to implementation, and an implementation toolkit, which contains many ready-to-use practical tools.

The WHO multimodal improvement strategy has been shown as the most effective approach leading to practices improvements. Hand hygiene improvement programmes can prevent up to 50% avoidable infections acquired during health care delivery and generate economic savings on average 16 times the cost of implementation.

To succeed in IPC and bring about safer, high quality health care practices, implementation at the point of care is critical. Looking to the future, development and maintenance of implementation plans to translate recommendations into practice must be a key focus for everyone. IPC tools and resources made available by WHO are associated with a multimodal implementation approach that integrates IPC best practices within an improved safety and organizational culture. This approach has been shown to succeed in making the change that people want to see in health care.

All health-care workers require clear and comprehensive training and education on the importance of hand hygiene, the "My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene" approach and the correct procedures for handrubbing and handwashing. WHO developed tools and resources meant to support bridging the knowledge gap and for health-care workers to adopt and adapt to support local improvement.

Evaluation of hand hygiene practices and related perception and knowledge at a health-care facility is one vital element of the strategy to improve hand hygiene. Continuous monitoring is very helpful in measuring the changes induced by implementation and to ensure that the interventions have been effective in improving hand hygiene practices, perception and knowledge among health-care workers.

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Available evidence shows that compliance with hand hygiene recommendations during health care delivery remains suboptimal around the world, with an average of 59.6% compliance levels in intensive care units up to 2018, and extreme differences between high income and low income countries (64.5% vs 9.1%).

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From the WHO

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WHO Hand Hygiene Technical Reference Manual

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Journal of Advanced Nursing - 2009 - Wu - Nursing students  knowledge and practice of infection control precautions  an

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NHS England » Chapter 1: Standard infection control precautions (SICPs)

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Contents 1.1 Patient placement/assessment for infection risk 1.2 Hand hygiene 1.3 Respiratory and cough hygiene 1.4 Personal protective equipment (PPE) 1.5 Safe management of care equipment 1.6 Safe management of the care environment 1.7 Safe management of linen 1.8 Safe management of blood and body fluid spillages 1.9 Safe disposal of waste (including sharps) 1.10 […]