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🔹 Atoms are the tiny building blocks that make up all matter. Everything you can touch, see, or feel.
🔹 An element is made of only one kind of atom.
🔹 There are over 100 different kinds of atoms (elements) on the Periodic Table, and everything in the universe is made from them!

💡 Examples:

A gold ring = made of gold atoms (one element).

An oxygen tank = filled with oxygen atoms (one element).

A penny = mostly copper atoms (one element).

🧩 Think: If atoms are like the alphabet, what "words" might we make by combining them?

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Each atom is like a single Lego piece there are many kinds, and they can combine to make everything around us.

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How does knowing what atoms are help us understand why different substances behave differently?

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🔹 A molecule forms when two or more atoms join together.
🔹 The atoms can all be the same kind or different kinds.
🔹 Molecules are the building blocks of substances, everything you see around you is made of them.

💡 Examples:

O₂ → two oxygen atoms = oxygen gas molecule

H₂O → two hydrogen atoms + one oxygen = water molecule

CO₂ → one carbon + two oxygen atoms = carbon dioxide molecule

🔬 Every molecule has its own shape, size, and properties. Those differences are why substances behave differently.

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2 small circles = hydrogen, 1 large = oxygen

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one carbon + two oxygen atoms = carbon dioxide molecule

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Atoms connect in specific ways to make molecules.
Just like letters form different words, atoms form different molecules!

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Build different molecules.

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🔹 A substance is made of only one kind of molecule, and all of its molecules are identical.
🔹 If every molecule in something is the same, it’s a pure substance.
🔹 Each substance has its own properties (color, melting point, dissolving ability, etc.) because its molecules are different from other substances.

💡 Examples:

Water → all H₂O molecules

Oxygen gas → all O₂ molecules

Salt (NaCl) → all NaCl molecules

🔬 These identical molecules give each substance its unique behavior.

🧩 All molecules of one substance are exactly the same, and they are different from other molecules of any other substance. Water molecules are different than Milk molecules.

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Water is made of water molecules, which are the smallest pieces of water possible.

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Seashells are made of calcium carbonate molecules

A helium balloon is filled with gas made of helium atoms.

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How do the kinds of atoms or molecules in a substance make that substance unique?

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🎨 Draw a picture showing identical molecules repeating inside one substance. Label it!

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🎨 Draw a picture showing identical molecules repeating inside one substance. Label it!

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🔹 A mixture forms when two or more different substances are combined.
🔹 The molecules of each substance stay the same. They don’t join or change.
🔹 In a mixture, the substances are mixed together, but each keeps its own molecules and properties.
🔹 Some mixtures look the same all the way through (solutions like salt water), and others don’t (heterogeneous mixtures like trail mix).

💡 Examples:

Trail mix → nuts, raisins, and candy pieces mixed but unchanged.

Salt water → salt molecules spread evenly among water molecules.

Sand and water → sand grains stay separate and settle to the bottom.

🧩 When the molecules of different substances are mixed, they may spread evenly or stay separate depending on how attracted they are to each other.

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Categorizing Matter | PBS NC Science | PBS LearningMedia

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Learn about the categories of matter, and the ways in which they differ from one another, with this video.

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In mixtures, molecules from different substances share the same space but don’t join together. Sometimes they spread evenly — sometimes they don’t!

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What do you think makes some substances dissolve evenly while others don’t?

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🎨 Draw a model showing two molecule types mixed together.

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🎨 Draw a model showing two molecule types mixed together.

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Draw what the molecules would look like and label it. Like the sugar and water example.

Choose one:

1️⃣ Trail Mix

2️⃣ Sand and Water

3️⃣ Oil and Water

4️⃣ Salt and Water

5️⃣ Free choice

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We started with atoms, the tiniest building blocks of everything.
When atoms join together, they make molecules.
When many identical molecules come together, they make a substance.
And when different substances mix, we get a mixture.

Each level helps us explain what we see in the world — from air to trail mix to salt water.

💡 The properties we observe depend on the molecules that make up each substance.

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Draw in notebook: Atoms → Molecules → Substance → Mixture

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Draw in notebook: Atoms → Molecules → Substance → Mixture

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All matter follows this pattern! Different molecules = different substances, and mixing them creates mixtures.

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🧠 Vocabulary Words to Use: Atom · Element · Molecule · Substance · Mixture · Solution · Property · Attraction

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🧠 Vocabulary Words to Use: Atom · Element · Molecule · Substance · Mixture · Solution · Property · Attraction

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Vocabulary Review: Atoms → Molecules → Substances → Mixtures → Solutions

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Vocabulary Review: Atoms → Molecules → Substances → Mixtures → Solutions

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Choose two boxes from the choice board.
Complete them neatly in your notebook to show what you know about our Modeling Matter vocabulary.