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☆ The Iban, also known as Sea Dayaks, are considered as one of the largest native groups in Sarawak. According to Simonson, T. et al. (2011), they are believed to have migrated from the headwaters of the Kapuas River in the central highlands of Borneo from several years ago.

Reference:

Simonson, T. et al. (2011) (PDF) ancestry of the Iban is predominantly Southeast Asian: Genetic evidence from autosomal, mitochondrial, and Y chromosomes, Ancestry of the Iban Is Predominantly Southeast Asian: Genetic Evidence from Autosomal, Mitochondrial, and Y Chromosomes. Retrieved October 27, 2025 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49821040_Ancestry_of_the_Iban_Is_Predominantly_Southeast_Asian_Genetic_Evidence_from_Autosomal_Mitochondrial_and_Y_Chromosomes

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Suluk people in their traditional clothes.

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Pangalay dance is a traditional “fingernail” dance of Tausug people in Sulu Archipelago

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Pangalay dance is a traditional “fingernail” dance of Tausug people in Sulu Archipelago

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1. INTRODUCTION

2. BUGIS

Who are the Bugis community?

What kind of traditional foods?

When to eat?

3. SULUK

Who are the Suluk community?

What kind of traditional foods?

When to eat?

4. KADAZAN-DUSUN

Who are the Kadazan-Dusun people?

What kind of traditional foods?

When to eat?

5. IBAN

Who are the Iban community?

What kind of traditional foods?

When to eat?

6. BAJAU

Who are the Bajau community?

What kind of traditional foods?

When to eat?

7. REFLECTION

8. REFERENCES

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Buginese in their traditional clothes called Baju Bodo

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☆ Bugis is one of the ethnic group in Malaysia originated from southern Sulawesi, Indonesia. According to Suliyati (2019), Bugis people are known as people who have a high work ethic and are hard workers overseas. In Malaysia, Bugis people can mainly be found in large numbers in certain state such as Sabah, Johor and Selangor. The language that they speak is Buginese, also widely known as Bugis belongs to the Austronesian language family.

Reference:

Britannica Editors (2024, October 20), Bugis, Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved October 25, 2025 from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bugis

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Pin oleh Arie Pratama di Prewed baju adat | Pakaian tradisional, Mode, Perempuan

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Pin ini ditemukan oleh Arie Pratama. Temukan (dan simpan!) pin Anda sendiri di Pinterest.

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An article research about the traditional food practices of the Bugis community.

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What kinds of traditional foods do Bugis people have?

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What kinds of traditional foods do Bugis people have?

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☆ According to Trichopoulou, Soukara and Vasilopoulou (2007), traditional foods are an expression of culture, history and lifestyle. We can't deny the fact that traditional foods are, infact one of the things that represent the uniqueness of an ethnicity.

☆ The Bugis community offers myriad range of traditional foods, ranging from main dishes to desserts that shows the uniqueness of their culture. One clear instance of this is the well-known 'Burasa' that could easily be found everywhere during Eid celebration, especially in Sabah and Johor.

☆ Furthermore, Bugis delicacies also features several traditional desserts including 'Pisang Ijo', 'Bandang-Bandang' and 'Berongko', each highlighting the versatile use of banana in their preparation.

Reference:

Misran N. N., Sharif M. S. M., Akbarruddin M. N. A., Saad M., & Yusoff A. M. (2022). Cultural Identity of Malay Bugis: A Reflection in Traditional Food Practices. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts, 14(1), 140-163. Retrieved October 25, 2025 from https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/68109/1/68109.pdf

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✩ A rice dumpling made of rice and coconut milk, wrapped in a banana leaf pouch and steamed until cooked

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✩ Bugis dessert made from banana wrapped in a pandan-flavored dough, usually served with sweet red syrup, coconut milk and shaved ice

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✩ A type of soft textured cake made from banana, coconut milk, flour and starch, wrapped in banana leaves 

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✩ A steamed dessert made from ripe bananas and coconut milk

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When do Bugis people eat their traditional foods?

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When do Bugis people eat their traditional foods?

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☆ For the Bugis communities, their traditional food which is Burasa is a must haves during Hari Raya Aidilfitri. This cuisine commonly serves alongside with 'Ayam Masak Merah' and 'Ayam Likku' as the main dish. The name 'Ayam Likku' which is a Bugis savoury dish made of chicken cooked with galangal, derived from the Bugis words of 'Likku' which refers to the Malay word of galangal which is Lengkuas.

☆ Besides Hari Raya, Burasa also traditionally served during weddings and other celebration such as family gatherings and so on.

Reference:

Online, T.S. (2023) Interactive: A bugis tradition, The Star. Retrieved October 25, 2025 from https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2023/04/16/interactive-a-bugis-tradition#close

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Assalamualaikum and welcome to my cultural showcase. My name is Nurfatin Nazzatul Antasha binti Mohd Soffian. I am currently pursuing in Bachelor's Degree in Applied Language Studies (Hons.) English for Intercultural Communication at UiTM Shah Alam.

This cultural Padlet has been prepared as part of the EIC404 ePortfolio assignment under the guidance of Sir Pavithran Ravinthra Nath. It aims to explore and highlight the diversity of traditional delicacies across Malaysia's various ethnics communities. The ethnic groups that I have chosen are Bugis, Suluk, Kadazan-Dusun, Iban and Bajau.

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Name : Nurfatin Nazzatul Antasha binti Mohd Soffian

Student ID : 2025224074

Group : LG2431D

Lecturer's Name : Pavithran Ravinthra Nath

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An article research exploring the origin of the Suluk community

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☆ The Tausug, commonly known as the Suluk people in Malaysia, are an ethnic group originally from the Sulu Archipelago in the southern Philippines before settling in Sabah. According to Dino (2022), Suluk people inhabit the rest of Sulu Archipelago of the Sulu-Celebes Seas, bounded by the north-eastern Borneo. The term Tausug refers to "people of the sea current". In Malaysia, Suluk people can primarily found in Sabah, particularly in Semporna, Lahad Datu, Kunak, Tawau and Sandakan.

Reference :

Dino, N. (2022) (PDF) exploring the origin of the Suluk identity to Brew Peace, Exploring the Origin of the Suluk Identity to Brew Peace. Retrieved October 26, 2025 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379954878_Exploring_the_Origin_of_the_Suluk_Identity_to_Brew_Peace

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Tiyula Itum, one of the Suluk's community traditional dish.

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What kinds of traditional foods are prepared by the Suluk people?

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What kinds of traditional foods are prepared by the Suluk people?

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☆ Suluk dishes refers to the traditional cuisines and culinary practice of the Suluk people. Suluk's cuisine is often characterized by the abundant use of seafood, rice, spices and coconut. Some of the popular dishes includes Piyassak, Tiyula Itum and Puto.

☆ Suluk traditional cuisine is known for its use of aromatic spices, coconut milk as well as local ingredients which give each dish its distinctive flavor.

☆ One of the most well-known traditional dishes among the Suluk people is Tiyula Itum, a beef soup with a unique appearance due to the black colour of the soup that comes from the burnt coconut filling. According to Hallerimsical (2018), Tiyula refers to soup or stew while Itum means dark.

Reference:

Amir, I. (2022) Tiyula Itum: An unknown Suluk Traditional Dish, TIYULA ITUM: AN UNKNOWN SULUK TRADITIONAL DISH. Retrieved October 26, 2025 from ://sites.google.com/view/beritadimensi/urban/tiyula-itum-an-unknown-suluk-traditional-dish

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✩ Made from beef liver cooked in coconut milk mixed with aromatic spices such as turmeric, ginger and lemongrass

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✩ A black soup made with beef, burnt coconut and spices

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✩ A steamed rice cake, often served as a snack or side dish to savory meals

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A research article regarding Exploration of Food Knowledge Transmission of Ethnic Dishes of Muslim-Migrated Ethnic Groups, including the Suluk community

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When do Suluk people eat their traditional food?

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When do Suluk people eat their traditional food?

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☆ There are certain occasions when Suluk people specifically prepared and consumed their traditional dishes. For instance, during Hari Raya Aidilfitri. Based on a research by Mulok, R., Biscante, R.C. and Juanillas, H.M. (2025), in an interview with some Suluk people, they stated that Suluk people also served their traditional dish during "kanduri" which is said to mean thanksgiving.

☆ According to Halleramsical (2018), Tiyula Itum is known to be one of the dishes served to Royalties and also usually served during special occasion like Muslim weddings.

Reference:

Mulok, R., Biscante, R.C. and Juanillas, H.M. (2025) (PDF) exploration of food knowledge transmission of ethnic dishes of Muslim-migrated ethnic groups, Exploration of Food Knowledge Transmission of Ethnic Dishes of Muslim-Migrated Ethnic Groups. Retrieved October 26, 2025 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/391451040_Exploration_of_Food_Knowledge_Transmission_of_Ethnic_Dishes_of_Muslim-Migrated_Ethnic_Groups

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Kadazan-Dusun people in their traditional clothes.

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☆ Kadazan-Dusun are considered one of the largest indigenous ethnic group in Sabah. They can primarily be found in certain district in Sabah which are Penampang, Kota Kinabalu, Papar, Tuaran and Ranau. Kadazan-Dusun were originally formed from the unification of two closely related ethnic groups which are Kadazan and Dusun.

Reference:

Superadmin (2020) Facts about the unique Kadazan-Dusun people of Borneo, OLUMES. Retrieved October 26, 2025 from https://olumes.com/facts-about-the-unique-kadazan-dusun-people-of-borneo/?srsltid=AfmBOor0ZwFO-jJeQp1YGxWrwm56yPxMobDgB8EENVKBdNLqJlvI42jp

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A research article regarding the traditional food amongst the Kadazan-Dusun 

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What are the traditional foods of the Kadazan-Dusun people?

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What are the traditional foods of the Kadazan-Dusun people?

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☆ The Kadazan-Dusun are well-known for their traditional cuisine such as Hinava, Tuhau, Pinaasakan, Bambangan, Nonsom and Linopot. These traditional cuisine can easily be found at markets, Tamu', shops and countryside stalls. According to Yakin et al. (1970), traditional foods portray not only but the historical landscape of Kadazan-Dusuns’ traditional way of living and surviving, but also their settlement patterns as well as their cultural identity.

☆ Tuhau is a traditional cuisine made from the shoots of wild ginger. The shoots are thinly diced and mixed with a medley of chilli and scallions. Over the generation, Tuhau is modified and become into several new products such as dried Tuhau floss and Sambal Tuhau.

☆ Another well-known traditional cuisine among the Kadazan-Dusun people is Hinava, a traditional raw fish dish made from mackerel fish that was thinly sliced mixed with lime juice, sliced shallots and grated ginger. Malaysia's Department of National Heritage has recognized Hinava as a national heritage in 2009

Reference:

Yakin, H.S.Mohd. et al. (1970) Traditional food among the Kadazan-Dusun of East Malaysia: Cultural Identity Preservation, commercialization and nutrient information, UMS INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORY. Retrieved October 26, 2025 from https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/35197/

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✩ A raw fish salad made from fresh fish, calamansi juice, chilli, sliced onion and ginger. It is usually served fresh and tangy

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✩ Kadazan-Dusun traditional condiment made from shredded wild ginger mixed with chilli and lime

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✩ made by preserving and cooking fish with sour fruits, turmeric, ginger and salt

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A research article regarding the Iban Community's Perception: The Taste, Ingredients, and Cooking Methods of Ibanese Traditional Chicken Dish

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What types of traditional cuisine are found in Iban culture?

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What types of traditional cuisine are found in Iban culture?

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☆ Traditional food is an integral part of the Iban culture, identity and heritage. The Iban community is well-known for their traditional foods, such as 'Manuk Pansoh' and 'Tuak'.

☆ 'Manok Pansoh' is basically chicken cooked in a bamboo together with ginger, tapioca leaves and lemongrass over an open fire. 'Manok' basically means chicken while 'Pansoh' refers to cooking in bamboo over an open fire. The technique of preparing this dish is quite similar to that of 'Lemang', as both are traditional cooked over an open fire.

☆ 'Tuak' is a rice wine made out of fermented rice with yeast and sugar. Based on a blog written by Donoe (2010), guests who visited the longhouse usually will be welcomed with a glass of 'Tuak'.

Reference:

Bernadine, E.A.A.U. and Abdullah, N.H.L. (2024) The Iban community’s perception: The taste, ingredients, and cooking methods of Ibanese traditional chicken dish, Online Journal for TVET Practitioners. Retrieved October 30, 2025 from https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/oj-tp/article/view/17054

Donoe (2010) Traditional iban food, Donoe's Blog. Retrieved October 30, 2025 from https://donoe.wordpress.com/iban/traditional-iban-food/

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Bajau people in their traditional clothes.

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☆ The Bajau people, also known as Sama-Bajau or Sea Gypsies are one of the indigenous ethnic group in Malaysia. They can be found primarily in Sabah, specifically in Semporna, Kota Belud, Lahad Datu and Kudat. They speak the Sama-Bajau, a subgroup of the Austronesian language family. They are also referred as a 'Sea Nomad' due to their seafaring lifestyle, where they make a living through sea-based activities such as fishing, trading and boat inhabitation (Kyoungho Jeon, 2019).

Reference:

Jeon, K. (2019) (PDF) the life and culture of the Bajau, Sea Gypsies, The Life and Culture of the Bajau, Sea Gypsies. Retrieved October 31, 2025 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338579212_The_Life_and_Culture_of_the_Bajau_Sea_Gypsies

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'Latok', one of the famous traditional cuisines of the Bajau community

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What kind of traditional cuisines does the Bajau people have?

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What kind of traditional cuisines does the Bajau people have?

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☆ There are various traditional foods of the Bajau community such as 'Sagol', 'Putu', 'Latok' and 'Tompek'.

☆ 'Sagol' also known as 'Senagol', is one of the famous traditional cuisines among the Bajau community. 'Sagol' came from the word in Bajau language which means mixed or mixture. Its either made up of intestines of stingrays, guitarfish or pufferfish, which are fish that has an enormous livers.

☆ 'Latok' is also one of the most famous Bajau traditional cuisine amongst the local in Sabah. 'Latok' is basically a type of seaweed that has a soft texture and form clusters. It can be consumed raw and usually served as a salad-like dish.

☆ 'Putu' also known as 'Piutu', is Bajau traditional cuisines that used to replace rice. 'Cassava' is the main ingredient used to make this food. The water is squeezed and cooked in steam. It is slightly thick and sticky, usually served alongside with 'Sagol', 'Latok', and other seafood side dishes.

Reference:

Jiahui (2023), Explore the flavors of traditional cuisine in Sabah - culinary delights, The Asia Press. Retrieved October 31, 2025 from https://www.theasiapress.com/explore-the-flavors-of-traditional-cuisine-in-sabah/?utm_source.com

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✩ Commonly served and enjoyed as a side dish along with Burasa. The yellow textures came from Galangal that has been ground

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✩ Commonly served and enjoyed as a side dish along with Burasa

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✩ A wild mango, considered as a type of pickles or condiments that is known for its sweet, tangy and slightly spicy flavor

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✩ Rice being packed and wrapped nicely in a big leaf. 'Linopot' simply means packing in Dusun

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Kadazan-Dusun traditional cuisine which are Ambuyat, Hinava, Sambal, Bamboo shoot, Soup and Basong fish (deep fried fish)

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When do Kadazan-Dusun people eat their traditional food?

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When do Kadazan-Dusun people eat their traditional food?

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☆ Some dishes such as Hinava has gained popularity amongst the local Sabahan. Thus, we might find this traditional cuisine at certain hotel buffet spreads and special events. Mostly, Kadazan-Dusun community prepared and consumed Hinava during Kaamatan which is a Harvest festivals for them. Its is also commonly found in traditional Kadazan-Dusun restaurants.

☆ Moreover, dishes such as Tuhau, Bambangan, Hinava and Linopot are considered as everyday meals. Up until today, these traditional cuisines remain an essential part of their identity, which often served during festivals and family gatherings.

Reference:

MySabah.com (2024) Hinava: Heritage Salad of Sabah. Retrieved October 27, 2025 from https://www.mysabah.com/wordpress/hinava/

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✩ Chicken dish cooked inside a bamboo stalk with herbs, spices and tapioca leaves

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✩ A traditional rice wine made by fermenting glutinous rice with yeast

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'Manok Pansoh', the most well-known traditional cuisine among the Iban community

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When do Ibanese eat their traditional foods?

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When do Ibanese eat their traditional foods?

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☆ 'Manok Pansoh' is usually served alongside with rice, the broth can also be enjoyed as a soup. This cuisines usually served during the 'Gawai Dayak' festival. As they gain popularity amongst the local, it started to be served in restaurants and street food stalls.

☆ Similar to 'Manok Pansoh', locals in Sarawak usually served 'Tuak' during Gawai celebrations. It is also normally served as a welcoming drink to the guests.

Reference:

Bernadine, E.A.A.U. and Abdullah, N.H.L. (2024) The Iban community’s perception: The taste, ingredients, and cooking methods of Ibanese traditional chicken dish, Online Journal for TVET Practitioners. Retrieved October 30, 2025 from https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/oj-tp/article/view/17054

Editor (2024) The cultural delicacy of Manok Pansah: A culinary gem in Malaysian cuisine, Munch Malaysia. Retrieved October 30, 2025 from https://munchmalaysia.com/malaysian-food/the-cultural-delicacy-of-manok-pansah-a-culinary-gem-in-malaysian-cuisine/

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✩ A traditional mixed dish prepared using fish fillets and liver along with spices like ginger and turmeric

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✩ A traditional steamed cake made primarily from rice flour 

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✩ 'Sea grapes' which is an edible seaweed usually eaten fresh as a salad with lime or vinegar

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✩ A type of snack made from grated cassava mixed with a bit of salt and has a chewy texture

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The Semiotic Interpretation and Perception of The Bajau

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When do Bajau people eat their traditional food?

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When do Bajau people eat their traditional food?

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☆ These dishes can be served as daily meals. It is also commonly served during special occasions such as weddings, gatherings and Hari Raya Aidilfitri. As they grew popular among the locals in Sabah, some dishes such as 'Latok' and 'Sagol' are available at a certain seafood restaurants.

☆ The Bajau community is also infamous for its death rituals called 'Ngeduang', where they believed that by feeding the dead will help them proceed to the new life in the nether world. During this rituals, some of the Bajau traditional food such as 'Kuih Wajid', 'Kuih Penyaram', 'Kuih Jala', 'Saging Randang', rice and some other dishes are being served as each dishes will represent something.

Reference:

Mohd Yakin, H.S. and Hj. Mahali, S.N. (2008) The semiotic interpretation and perception of the bajau- ..., Duang: The Semiotic Interpretation and Perception of the Bajau-Sama Community in Sabah. Retrieved October 31, 2025 from http://journalarticle.ukm.my/1116/1/The_Semiotic_Interpretation_and_Perception_of_The_Bajau.pdf

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✩ Death rituals of the Bajau community, where they believe that by feeding the dead will help them proceed to the afterlife

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✩ A fried snack made from rice flour, palm sugar and coconut milk. One of the dish served during the 'Ngeduang' rituals

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✩ A snack made from light batter, rice flour and sugar. One of the dish served during the 'Ngeduang' rituals