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1894 — Coronation of Nicholas II of Russia

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1894 — Coronation of Nicholas II of Russia

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Nicholas II became the last Tsar of Russia. His empire was huge but unstable — the country was poor, and people demanded change

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Coronation of the Russian monarch - Wikipedia

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First major uprising against the Tsarist regime.

Leads to the creation of the Duma (parliament), though limited in power.

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Russia enters the war on the Allied side.

Enormous casualties and economic collapse accelerate unrest.

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Russian entry into World War I - Wikipedia

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1917 — February Revolution and October Revolution

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1917 — February Revolution and October Revolution

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Tsar Nicholas II abdicates.

Bolshevik Party seizes power under Vladimir Lenin.

Beginning of communist rule.

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Reds (Bolsheviks) vs Whites (anti-communists).

Ends with Bolshevik victory and foundation of a socialist state.

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Russia officially becomes the leading republic of a new communist federation.

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1924 — Death of Lenin & rise of Joseph Stalin

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1924 — Death of Lenin & rise of Joseph Stalin

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Marks a turn toward totalitarian rule, purges, and forced collectivization.

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1939: Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact between USSR and Nazi Germany.

1941: Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union.

1945: USSR emerges as one of the victors, occupies Eastern Europe.

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Europe is divided into East (Soviet sphere) and West (U.S./Western Europe).

Iron Curtain falls across the continent.

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Soviet tanks crush uprising in Hungary.

Shows the strength of Soviet control in Eastern Europe.

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Symbol of the Cold War division between East and West.

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The world comes close to nuclear war.

Shows USSR’s global influence during the Cold War.

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Drains Soviet resources and weakens its power internationally.

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Launches Perestroika (restructuring) and Glasnost (openness).

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Symbolizes the collapse of communist regimes across Eastern Europe.

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End of the USSR.

Europe enters a new era with independent Eastern European states and the Russian Federation.