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A point in human life where society has reached certain levels of government, knowledge, and culture

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An economic system built on the assumption that the world's supply of wealth is fixed. Included large trade between countries with the goal to amass as much raw materials as possible.

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Resulted in tremendous social, cultural, and political change for both the Europeans and the American Indians. New food crops and new sources of mineral wealth brought about extensive demographic, economic, and social change in Europe. The introduction of new food crops and animals also impacted the Americas.

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Attempted to encourage English to the colonies by promising legal bonded contracts that would exchange the cost to get there for up to seven years of labor in America.

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Complete ownership over someone.

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Religious reform movement in the 16th and 17th centuries that sought to “purify” the church of England.

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Economic exchange between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

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A system of forced labor where Spanish government tried to incentivize exploration of the Americas by offering the labor of the indigenous people when they arrived.

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Colonies that produced many cash crops such as tobacco and cotton.

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Colonies that focused largely on agriculture. Because of their central location they played a large role as distribution centers in the English Mercantile System.

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Colonies founded by the Puritans for religious purposes. Wanted to create a society as God would have wanted.

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A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.

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A colonist who rebelled against British rule.

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A colonist who supported British rule.

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Before the American constitution, this established the United States as a loose confederation of states under a weak national Congress, which was not granted the power to regulate commerce or collect taxes.

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Supporters of the new Constitution and a strong federal government. They fear a weak government. Generally very wealthy.

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Supporters of the Articles of Confederation, not the Constitution. They fear a tyrannical national government with too much power and strongly advocate for the Bill of Rights.

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An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that began in Western Europe with roots in the Scientific Revolution.

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Plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the (British) Crown.

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One of the biggest accomplishments of the Articles of Confederation. This established a system for setting up governments in the western territories so they could eventually join the Union.

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Near the end of the Revolutionary War, the Continental Army had not received pay for many years and threatened to abandon the fight, if they were not compensated.

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The decision to have a bicameral legislature, one house based on population, and one house with an equal number of representatives for every state.

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Determined that each slave would be counted as three fifths of a person for the purpose of apportioning taxes and representation.

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A period from the early 1600s to the mid 1700s where British Parliamentary Laws were not enforced on the colonists.