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Describe: With development of transport system, it would cause physical changes to the environment such as clearance of natural vegetation to build roads > cause forests size to be smaller, wildlife habitats might lose their homes

Example: The construction of BKE [Bukit Timah Expressway] --> in order to provide direct route for commuters from Bukit Timah to north of Singapore --> BKE divided Bukit Timah Nature Reserve from the Central Catchment Nature Reserve --> affect biodiversity, threatened survival of some of endangered forest species

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Describe:

When more vehicles are used for transport systems, it result to greater transport activities carried out > transport activities consume energy (electricity, biofuel, petroleum) > petrol burnt to provide energy > produce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases > contributes to carbon footprint.

With transport systems are to expand, more people rely on transport for their daily commute and travels > more carbon footprint.

Example:

By plane - total amount of carbon footprint produced 11, 160kg

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Transport systems benefit elderly and people with physical disabilities as it allows elderly and people with physical disabilities to be mobile, travel from one place to another to meet their basic needs and health care, continue actively participating in society, maintain social networks, and be able to remain independent as there are extended pedestrian crossing times for elderly, wheelchair-accessible buses, silver zones within residential neighbourhoods and tactile indicators and lifts installed to help both elderly and people with physical disabilities to move around on their own easily.

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[ improved mobility for the elderly ] natasha, francine & miyuki

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[ improved mobility for the elderly ] natasha, francine & miyuki

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- they implemented Silver Zones, which have enhanced & customised road safety features for the elderly, which benefits them as they reduce the risk of accidents

e.g. in Silver Zones, drivers have to reduce their speed limit to 40 km/h, two-stage crossing that allows senior pedestrians to rest in the middle, reduce lanes at some road sections to shorten the crossing distance and time taken, and more

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Traffic Congestion - Sophie, Lauren, Hwee Ning

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Traffic Congestion - Sophie, Lauren, Hwee Ning

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During peak periods, many people rush to work and school or they may be late. This impacts the physical and emotional well-being of those caught in traffic because of increased stress levels. As the drivers may display aggressive behaviour. This endangers fellows drivers and themselves.

Additionally, with increased fuel burned, there is more carbon dioxide emitted. The air quality worsens. This impacts the human's respiratory system.

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Claire, Deandra, Falisha (Outrage of modesty and terrorist attack)

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Claire, Deandra, Falisha (Outrage of modesty and terrorist attack)

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-Designated gender segregation carriages to ensure the safety of passengers in public transports by reducing crampness and congestion, thus reducing cases of outrage of modesty and theft.

-Airports and trains have included more frequent security checks before boarding to check for any harmful materials that can be used to hurt other people. For example they can have metal detectors that can spot weapons.

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Claire Loe , Deandra , Falisha ( outrage of modesty and terrorist attack )

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Claire Loe , Deandra , Falisha ( outrage of modesty and terrorist attack )

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when public transports become overcrowded during peak hours, there might be an increase of crime cases like theft and outrage of modesty

Terminals tend to become a target of several terrorist attacks due to their visibility and significance.

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Cayla, Lile, Wen Hui, Claire, Trenna (Health risks of carbon emmisions)

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Cayla, Lile, Wen Hui, Claire, Trenna (Health risks of carbon emmisions)

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Health risks:

Air Pollution:

Causes:

1. Vehicle exhausts

2. Power plants

3. Factories

Produces heavy smog

Risks:

Respiratory problems

Causes over 5000 premature deaths in the UK and 53000 in the US

why: Carbon emissions

the particles are very small and is inhaled easily, and enter the bloodstream causing serious cardiovascular and respiratory damage

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Impact: People; traffic congestions

Describe: With the long queues of slow-moving vehicles and high traffic volume, as well as longer travelling times, it can affect the driver's emotional well-being - making them more agitated as well as fatigue/lose concentration. Additionally, it can also cause many people to be late to their respective events/workplaces. However, with public transport systems, rather than multiple cars filled with small groups of people congested in one road there can be a single train carriage carrying multiple people to many locations. This can solve many of the issues people face during traffic congestion. Moreover, with the large amount of cars, a lot of carbon dioxide is released into the air. Hence, this can impact the driver's respiratory system.

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-use of mobile phones while driving puts pedestrains safety at risk as drivers would be distracted and may not be focusing on the road

-motorists may also speed or run red lights causing road accidents

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Health Risks - Claire, Jolyn, Rachel, Nadra, Elizabeth 

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Health Risks - Claire, Jolyn, Rachel, Nadra, Elizabeth 

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vehicles like cars, police sirens, garbage trucks, and trains contribute to noise pollution, which affects people by elevating their blood pressure, increasing their stress levels, and even inducing heart-related illness. Reliance on transport modes which produce noise above 53 decibels is often associated with adverse health effects. Aside from sleep getting affected by high levels of noise pollution contributed by road traffic, hearing impairment can take place in affected individuals.