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Quand j'étais enfant, nous vivions loin de la capitale, dans une petite ville assez isolée. Il y avait des boulangeries, mais pas de pain moulé. Nous passions les vacances d'hiver chez mes grands-parents dans la capitale. Ma madeleine de Proust, c'est l'odeur du pain moulé grillé le matin, qui me rappelle les vacances d'hiver chez mes grands-parents.

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J'ai grandi dans une famille nombreuse. Nous sommes 7 enfants et nos âges sont proches les uns des autres. Notre maison était très bruyante à cause de beaucoup de rires et de bagarres entre nous. J'ai quatre enfants et chaque fois que notre maison est bruyante, cela me rappelle mon enfance. Chaque fois que je crie sur mes enfants de se taire, cela me rappelle ma mère qui nous criait dessus. J'apprécie aussi le rire.

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Ma madeleine de Proust c'est l'odeur de la nature. J'ai travaillé en Amazonie pendant un certain temps et il y a une odeur animale et humide qui me rappelle toujours mon séjour là-bas. Je trouve cette odeur quelques fois c'est très bon.

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Quand j’étais petit, j’ai entendu souvent l’appel du kookaburra chez moi donc maintenant, quand je visite un zoo et entends son cri, je me souviens de mon enfance.

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Cladogram based on the molecular analysis by Andersen and colleagues published in 2017.

Kookaburras (pronounced ) are terrestrial tree kingfishers of the genus Dacelo native to Australia and New Guinea, which grow to between 28 and 47 cm (11 and 19 in) in length and weigh around 300 g (11 oz). The name is a loanword from Wiradjuri guuguubarra, onomatopoeic of its call. The loud, distinctive call of the laughing kookaburra is widely used as a stock sound effect in situations that involve an Australian bush setting or tropical jungle, especially in older movies.[citation needed ]

They are found in habitats ranging from humid forest to arid savannah, as well as in suburban areas with tall trees or near running water. Though they belong to the larger group known as " kingfishers", kookaburras are not closely associated with water.

The genus Dacelo was introduced by English zoologist William Elford Leach in 1815. The type species is the laughing kookaburra. The name Dacelo is an anagram of alcedo, the Latin word for a kingfisher. A molecular study published in 2017 found that the genus Dacelo, as then defined, was paraphyletic. The shovel-billed kookaburra was previously classified in the monotypic genus Clytoceyx, but was reclassified into Dacelo based on phylogenetic evidence.

Five species of kookaburra can be found in Australia, New Guinea, and the Aru Islands:

The laughing and blue-winged species are direct competitors in the area where their ranges now overlap. This suggests that these two species evolved in isolation, possibly during a period when Australia and New Guinea were more distant.[citation needed ]

The Kamilaroi/Gamilaraay and Wiradjuri people named this bird "guuguubarra". It is native to the eastern mainland part of Australia.

Kookaburras are sexually dimorphic. This is noticeable in the blue-winged and the rufous-bellied, where males have blue tails and females have reddish-brown tails.

Close-up of a kookaburra in Sydney, Australia

Kookaburras are almost exclusively carnivorous, eating mice, snakes, insects, small reptiles, and the young of other birds. Unlike many other kingfishers, they rarely eat fish, although they have been known to take goldfish from garden ponds. In zoos, they are usually fed food suitable for birds of prey.

Although most birds will accept handouts and take meat from barbecues, feeding kookaburras ground beef or pet food is not advised, because they do not include enough calcium and roughage.

Kookaburras are usually seen waiting for their prey on powerlines or low tree branches. When they see their prey they dive down and grab them with their strong beak. If the prey is small it will be eaten whole, but if the prey is larger then the kookaburra bashes it against a tree or the ground to make it softer an d easier to eat.

They are territorial, except for the rufous-bellied, which often live with their young from the previous season. They often sing as a chorus to mark their territory.[citation needed ]

A Kookaburra's diet includes lizards, snakes, frogs, rodents, beetles, worms, bugs, and other small mammals.

They live in sclerophyll woodland and open forests, in almost any area with trees large enough to hold the nests and open patches with hunting areas. The kookaburras are declining in population because of predators, lack of prey, and the environment.

All kookaburra species are listed as least concern. Australian law protects native birds, including kookaburras.

Spangled kookaburra

The distinctive sound of the laughing kookaburra's call resembles human laughter, is widely used in filmmaking and television productions, as well as certain Disney theme-park attractions, regardless of African, Asian, or South American jungle settings. Kookaburras have also appeared in several video games, including (, Battletoads, and World of Warcraft). The children's television series includes an Australian character called "Kookaburra" (or "Kook"), whose costume includes decorative wings that recall the bird's plumage, and who is noted for his distinctive, high-pitched laugh. Olly the Kookaburra was one of the three mascots chosen for the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. The other mascots were Millie the Echidna and Syd the Platypus. The call of a kookaburra nicknamed "Jacko" was for many years used as the morning opening theme by ABC radio stations, and for Radio Australia's overseas broadcasts.

The opening theme from ABC was the basis for a children's book by Brooke Nicholls titled Jacko, the Broadcasting Kookaburra - His Life and Adventures.[16][15]

In William Arden's 1969 book, The Mystery of the Laughing Shadow (one of the Three Investigators series for young readers), the laughing kookaburra is integral to the plot.[17]

Three newly hatched kookaburra chicks

A male blue-winged kookaburra

"Kookaburra [sits in the old gum tree]", a well-known children's song, was written in 1932 by Marion Sinclair.

B.C.O.F. kookaburra stamp first issued in 1946.

A six-pence stamp was issued in 1914.

A three-pence commemorative Australian stamp was issued for the 1928 Melbourne International Philatelic Exhibition.

A six-pence stamp was issued in 1932.

A 38¢ Australian stamp issued in 1990 features a pair of kookaburras.[21]

An international $1.70 Australian stamp featuring an illustrated kookaburra was released in 2013.

A $1.10 laughing kookaburra stamp issued in 2020

Reverse of two ounce high relief Kookaburra proof coin from the Perth mint

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Cladogram based on the molecular analysis by Andersen and colleagues published in 2017. Kookaburras (pronounced ) are terrestrial tree kingfishers of the genus Dacelo native to Australia and New Guinea, which grow to between 28 and 47 cm (11 and 19 in) in length and weigh around 300 g (11 oz).

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J'ai grandi en l'Afrique du Sud à coté de la mer. Je me souviens de l'odeur de la mer, comme du sel, l'iode, les embruns, de l'ocean Atlantique. C'etait au Cap qui est très beau. La nature était sauvage.

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Le fondue c'est spécial pour nous. Nous la mangions pour des occasions spéciales comme Noël ou d’autres occasions spéciales. Cela me rappelle aussi des vacances dans les montagnes suisses, et la raclette ou la fondue après avec la famille.

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Dans le village de la maison de campagne de mes grands-parents, la boulangerie dans laquelle nous allions chercher baguettes et croissants les matins avait une odeur particulière de beurre...des années après, à Paris, passant devant une boulangerie, j'ai senti la même odeur, j'étais avec ma grande soeur et nous avons eu ce souvenir qui revenait à nous, comme notre madeleine de Proust...