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The microbiology society said that antibiotics have been used for millennia to treat infections, although until the last century or so people did not know the infections were caused by bacteria. Various moulds and plant extracts were used to treat infections by some of the earliest civilizations – the ancient Egyptians, for example, applied moldy bread to infected wounds. Nevertheless, until the 20th century, infections that we now consider straightforward to treat – such as pneumonia and diarrhea – that are caused by bacteria, were the number one cause of human death in the developed world.

It wasn’t until the late 19th century that scientists began to observe antibacterial chemicals in action. Paul Ehrlich, a German physician, noted that certain chemical dyes coloured some bacterial cells but not others. He concluded that, according to this principle, it must be possible to create substances that can kill certain bacteria selectively without harming other cells. In 1909, he discovered that a chemical called arsphenamine was an effective treatment for syphilis. This became the first modern antibiotic, although Ehrlich himself referred to his discovery as 'chemotherapy' – the use of a chemical to treat a disease. The word 'antibiotics' was first used over 30 years later by the Ukrainian-American inventor and microbiologist Selman Waksman, who in his lifetime discovered over 20 antibiotics.

Alexander Fleming was, it seems, a bit disorderly in his work and accidentally discovered penicillin. Upon returning from a holiday in Suffolk in 1928, he noticed that a fungus, Penicillium notatum, had contaminated a culture plate of Staphylococcus bacteria he had accidentally left uncovered. The fungus had created bacteria-free zones wherever it grew on the plate. Fleming isolated and grew the Mould in pure culture. He found that P. notatum proved extremely effective even at very low concentrations, preventing Staphylococcus growth even when diluted 800 times, and was less toxic than the disinfectants used at the time.

After early trials in treating human wounds, collaborations with British pharmaceutical companies ensured that the mass production of penicillin (the antibiotic chemical produced by P. notatum) was possible. Following a fire in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, in which nearly 500 people died, many survivors received skin grafts which are liable to infection by Staphylococcus. Treatment with penicillin was hugely successful, and the US government began supporting the mass production of the drug. By D-Day in 1944, penicillin was being widely used to treat troops for infections both in the field and in hospitals throughout Europe. By the end of World War II, penicillin was nicknamed 'the wonder drug' and had saved many lives.

Scientists in Oxford were instrumental in developing the mass production process, and Howard Florey and Ernst Chain shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Alexander Fleming for their role in creating the first mass-produced antibiotic.

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The past unreal conditional describes past unreal or untrue conditions and results. Use the past perfect in the if clause. Use would have or could have + a past participle in the result clause.
The two common formulas for past unreal conditional sentence structures are:

1. “If” + subject + past perfect verb + object[s], subject + conditional perfect verb + object.

2. Subject + conditional perfect verb + object[s] + “if” + subject + past perfect verb + object.

Examples of Past Unreal Conditional Sentences

Had Aric come on time, he would not miss the flight.

Had I been there, I could have helped you.

If Alia and Meghna had come here, they could have talked to Jane.

Had you not been spendthrift, you could have saved some money for the rest of the month.

If I had the money, I could have helped you.

If Jack’s brother had visited me in the office, I could have given him all the books.

Had I been there, I could have helped you.

If I had met you earlier, I could have told you the fact.

Had Monish come to the designing studio, he could have done the task.

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Unreal conditional sentences describe unreal conditions--conditions that don't exist.
Use the simple past tense or were in the if clause. Use would or could in the result clause
We are just imagining what we would do in a situation that is not real or very unlikely to be real.

If this shirt were on sale, I would buy it.
(Really, the shirt is not on sale and I will not buy it.)

If I were an animal, I would be a lion.
(Really, I am not an animal.)

Here are some examples of when we might use an unreal conditional for a highly unlikely thing.

If I won the lottery, I would buy a house and a car.
(The probability of winning the lottery is so low that we use the unreal conditional.)

If I met the President, I would want to tell him to lower taxes.
(The chances of me meeting the President are very low.)

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The inventions and the discoveries have been really important to the improvement of the humans, without these two aspects it will be really difficult to us to be better, to create, to explore, to do anything new so that's why we have to know about these.

What is a invention?
An invention happens when a person or a group create some device or any useful machine to do something in an easier way. It's important to mention that this device has just been created and it didn't exist before that time.

What is a discovery?
On the other side, we have the discoveries, these things are not done by someone, what does it means?
The discoveries are when someone discover anything, the thing discovered already existed, the person just found it or learned how to use it. A discovery usually comes before an invent.
I want to talk about the most important discover to me.
This is the fire, I think that we can't be like how we are right now without the discover of fire, it helped us in many ways, first the protection against dangerous animals, then the ability to cook and finally that it was useful to stay hot and do not die by the cold weather in those days many centuries ago.

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The wedding traditions are something really common in these days.
Also there are some wedding events that are really important, we have here the most famous ones:

The engagement: This is an agreement to marry someone.

A marriage ceremony: It is the set of actions that formally makes two single people become a married couple.

A wedding: It's a formal marriage ceremony, especially one with a religious service.

A reception: It's a large formal party after a wedding ceremony.

A honeymoon: This is a vacation taken by two newlyweds after a wedding.

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The holidays are something normal in the world, almost every society has holidays, those are days on where we stay together and celebrate something.
There are many holidays around the world, in class we saw about the Ramadan, the Simon's Bolívar Birthday and the Chinese New Year