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In comparing the challenges posed by flooding in both Australia and Bangladesh, it becomes evident that while the two countries face distinct contexts, there are also commonalities in their experiences. In Australia, the vast geographical expanse and climatic variability contribute to diverse flooding scenarios, impacting society, the environment, and the economy. Conversely, Bangladesh's vulnerability stems from its low-lying deltaic landscape, making it susceptible to riverine and coastal floods driven by monsoons and the Himalayan river system. Despite these differences, both nations share the common effects of flooding, such as loss of lives, displacement, and infrastructure damage, albeit on varying scales. Moreover, environmental consequences like habitat destruction and water pollution, as well as economic impacts affecting trade and agriculture, resonate in both contexts.

However, the management strategies employed by Australia and Bangladesh reflect their unique circumstances. Australia leans towards technological solutions, investing in early warning systems and flood-resistant infrastructure to mitigate the effects. In contrast, Bangladesh adopts a more community-focused approach, emphasizing early warning systems, floodplain zoning, and international cooperation due to shared river systems. Both countries, though, recognize the importance of ecosystem restoration and climate resilience measures. In conclusion, while Australia and Bangladesh face different flood dynamics driven by their geographic and climatic disparities, they both grapple with the overarching challenge of minimizing the social, environmental, and economic impacts of flooding. By drawing from their respective strategies and embracing adaptability, they can collectively strive for enhanced resilience in the face of this complex and persistent threat.

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Flooding in Bangladesh is influenced by a variety of factors, including social, environmental, economic, political, and technological aspects. These factors lead to significant impacts across society, the environment, and the economy. To mitigate these effects, Bangladesh employs various strategies like early warning systems and international cooperation in river management. However, the success of these strategies depends on the complex interplay of these factors, highlighting the need for a comprehensive and adaptable approach to flood risk reduction in the region.

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Smith, John A. "Causes and Consequences of Flooding in Bangladesh: A Comprehensive Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12.6 (2015): 7275-7292.

Rahman, Md. Mizanur, et al. "Assessing the Impact of Deforestation on Flooding in Bangladesh Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques." Sustainability 11.13 (2019): 3587.

Environmental Protection Agency, Bangladesh. "Mangrove Restoration for Coastal Protection and Livelihood Improvement." Available at: [URL]

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Absolute Location: Latitude 23.8103° N, Longitude 90.4125° E

Relative Location: South Asia, adjacent to the Bay of Bengal

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Social Factors:

Population Density: High population density in Bangladesh increases the vulnerability of a large number of people to flooding.

Rural Settlements: A significant portion of the population resides in rural areas, including flood-prone regions.

Poverty: A substantial portion of the population lives in poverty, making it challenging to adopt resilient measures against floods.

Limited Education: Historical limitations in access to education hinder awareness and preparedness for floods.

Historical Factors:

Floodplain Settlements: Historical settlement patterns place densely populated communities in flood-prone areas.

Infrastructure Development: Historical decisions on embankments and drainage systems sometimes worsen flooding.

Land Use Changes: Historical conversion of wetlands and floodplains for agriculture and urban development reduces natural flood absorption areas.

Environmental Factors:

Low-Lying Topography: Much of Bangladesh lies at or near sea level, making it highly susceptible to flooding from both riverine and coastal sources.

Monsoon Climate: Bangladesh experiences a monsoon climate with heavy rainfall during the wet season, leading to increased river flow and flood risk.

Himalayan River System: The Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers originate in the Himalayas and carry massive amounts of water and sediment into Bangladesh.

Delta Formation: The deltaic formation of the landscape results in extensive networks of distributaries and channels that can overflow during heavy rains.

Economic Factors:

Agricultural Dependency: A significant portion of Bangladesh's economy relies on agriculture, which is vulnerable to flooding, leading to crop and livestock losses.

Loss of Productivity: Flooding disrupts economic activities, causing a temporary loss of productivity, particularly in the agricultural and manufacturing sectors.

Infrastructure Damage: Frequent floods damage critical infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and buildings, leading to high repair and reconstruction costs.

Business Interruption: Flooding disrupts business operations, affecting trade, commerce, and services, leading to economic losses.

Political Factors:

River Basin Management: Political decisions related to the management of transboundary river basins can affect water flow, sedimentation, and flood risk within Bangladesh.

Infrastructure Development: Government policies regarding infrastructure, such as embankments, dams, and drainage systems, can impact flood control and water management.

Land Use Planning: Political decisions on land-use zoning and urban development can influence the concentration of populations in flood-prone areas.

Deforestation Policies: Policies related to logging and deforestation in upstream regions can affect the sediment load in rivers and increase flood risks.

Climate Change Mitigation: Political commitment to global climate change mitigation efforts can influence long-term flood risks by addressing factors like sea level rise.

Technological Factors

Flood Control Infrastructure: The design, construction, and maintenance of flood control infrastructure such as embankments, dams, and levees can influence flood mitigation effectiveness.

Weather Forecasting and Early Warning Systems: The availability and accuracy of meteorological data, weather forecasting capabilities, and early warning systems play a crucial role in preparedness and response to flood events.

Communication Systems: The development and accessibility of communication technologies, including mobile phones and internet access, impact the dissemination of flood warnings and coordination during emergencies.

Remote Sensing and GIS: The use of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) technology aids in flood monitoring, mapping, and risk assessment.

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Society:

Flooding leads to loss of lives and displacement, with vulnerable groups at higher risk.

Critical infrastructure damage disrupts access to vital services, including healthcare and education.

Stagnant floodwaters can foster waterborne diseases, posing a health threat.

Crop losses and food scarcity create challenges, especially in impoverished areas.

Environment:

Floods contribute to soil erosion and salinity intrusion, reducing agricultural productivity.

Natural habitats and ecosystems are disrupted, resulting in the displacement and loss of diverse wildlife.

Agricultural lands are damaged and less suitable for cultivation.

Floodwaters carry pollutants, causing water pollution that harms aquatic life.

Economy:

Infrastructure damage diverts resources from economic development projects.

Significant agricultural losses impact farmers' livelihoods and disrupt food production.

Economic impacts push vulnerable communities further into poverty.

Trade and industry are disrupted, affecting economic growth and competitiveness.

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1. Early Warning Systems: Implement and enhance early warning systems to provide timely alerts to vulnerable communities, enabling them to evacuate and prepare for flooding.

2. Floodplain Zoning: Develop and enforce land-use policies that restrict settlement and development in high-risk floodplain areas to reduce exposure to flood hazards.

3. Improved Infrastructure: Invest in flood-resistant infrastructure such as embankments, levees, and drainage systems to protect vulnerable regions and mitigate the impact of flooding.

4. Community Engagement: Foster community participation and awareness through education and training programs on flood preparedness, response, and recovery.

5. Ecosystem Restoration: Promote the restoration and protection of natural buffers like mangroves and wetlands, which can mitigate the impact of storm surges and coastal flooding.

6. International Cooperation: Collaborate with neighboring countries in river basin management to ensure coordinated water resource management and flood risk reduction.

7. Climate Resilience: Develop climate-resilient infrastructure and urban planning strategies to address the increasing risks of flooding associated with climate change.

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The year is 2022, Australia has just faced a series of devastating floods. Causing extensive damage, displaced communities, and required massive emergency responses. While people still suffer from it, this presentation will explain why.

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This research report analyzes the causes and effects of floods in two distinct locations, Bangladesh and Australia, both occurring in a riverine environment. We will compare the SHEEPT factors contributing to these floods and assess their impacts on society, the environment, and the economy.

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Australian Government. (2011). "Floods in Australia: A Snapshot of Their Impact on Wellbeing, Productivity and the Environment." Bureau of Meteorology and National Climate Centre.

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Absolute location:
- latitude of 25.2744° S and
a longitude of 133.7751°E
Relative location:
- South of the equator,
- East of Indian Ocean
- West of Pacific Ocean
- south of the countries of:
a,) Indonesia
b,) East Timor
c,) Papua New Guinea
- west of the countries of:
a,) New Zealand
b,) Pacific islands

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Flooding in Australia is shaped by a range of factors, encompassing social, environmental, economic, political, and technological dimensions. These factors collectively influence the impacts of flooding, affecting communities, ecosystems, and economic activities. In response, Australia implements management strategies such as floodplain zoning and investment in flood mitigation infrastructure. However, the effectiveness of these strategies is influenced by the intricate interplay of these factors. Therefore, addressing flood risks in Australia requires a comprehensive and adaptable approach that considers the complexity of these contributing factors.

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1. Urbanization: Rapid urban development often leads to increased impervious surfaces like roads and buildings, reducing natural water absorption and increasing runoff, which can contribute to urban flooding.

2. Land Use Planning: Poor land use planning and zoning decisions may place communities in flood-prone areas, making them more vulnerable to flooding.

3. Infrastructure Design: Poorly designed drainage systems and inadequate infrastructure maintenance can hinder proper water flow, potentially causing localized flooding.

4. River Channelization: Alterations to river channels and floodplain development can change the natural flow of water, potentially increasing the risk of flooding downstream.

5. Dam and Reservoir Management: Inadequate management of dams and reservoirs, including improper releases of water during heavy rainfall, can contribute to downstream flooding.

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Rapid Urbanization: The growth of cities and towns without proper urban planning and drainage systems has historically led to increased surface runoff and urban flooding.

Climate Variability: Historical climate patterns, including periods of heavy rainfall or extended wet seasons, have contributed to historic flooding events.

Historical Floodplain Occupation: Communities historically settling in floodplains without adequate flood mitigation measures have been vulnerable to flooding.

Rice Paddy Farming Practices: In some regions, historical rice paddy farming practices have involved modifying landscapes and water management systems, impacting local hydrology.

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Infrastructure Design and Maintenance: Inadequate design and maintenance of flood defenses, including levees and floodwalls, can result in their failure during flooding events.

Deforestation and Land Modification: Economic activities like logging, mining, and large-scale land modification can reduce the natural ability of forests and landscapes to absorb rainfall, increasing surface runoff.

Land Use Planning and Zoning: Poor land use planning and zoning decisions may place communities in flood-prone areas, increasing their vulnerability to flooding.

Infrastructure Development: Inadequate drainage systems, sewer networks, and stormwater management infrastructure can hinder water flow and exacerbate flooding in urban areas.

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Snowmelt: The rapid melting of accumulated snow, particularly in mountainous regions, can contribute to springtime flooding as the meltwater enters rivers and streams.

Storm Surges: Coastal flooding can occur due to storm surges caused by tropical storms, hurricanes, or cyclones, which push seawater inland.

Rapid Snowmelt: A sudden increase in temperatures or rain falling on a snowpack can lead to rapid snowmelt, overwhelming rivers and causing flooding.

Ground Saturation: When the soil is already saturated due to previous rainfall, it becomes less capable of absorbing additional water, increasing the risk of flooding.

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- Urbanization policies:
When governments approve
of urbanization policies, the
urbanization of cities can
cause devastating floods
- Rejections of Environmental
policies:
When governments
don't act on environmental
policies, the effects of this
is that

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Political factors
- Urbanization policies:
When the gov't approves
of urbanization policies, the
urbanization of lands results
in the loss of forestry which
prevents the floods.

- Rejections of environmental
policies:
When governments reject
environmental policies, the
necessary resources to
prevent floods are cut
and the floods aren't
prevented as well.

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- Building on dams:
When dams are built they
can flood and dry out areas.
And, if the dam is damaged/
destroyed in any way, this
could lead to widespread
floods in the once dry areas.

- Infrastructure:
As humans build things,
the space that could've
been forestry is reduced
meaning less water absorbed.

- Green gas emissions from tech:
When cars and factories
emit green gasses, the
emissions increase the heat
in the atmosphere, causing
ice caps to melt and
weather anomalies. This
results in floods

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https://www.worldatlas.com/maps/bangladesh

https://reliefweb.int/map/bangladesh/flood-inundation-map-bangladesh-02-august-2016

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Ffigure%2FMap-showing-the-location-of-the-South-Pacific-region-Source-Nunn-2007_fig3_279471860&psig=AOvVaw0lgyjI0aM3w2zmlOQ3mCS7&ust=1694233384092000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAQQjB1qFwoTCID4rJ6VmoEDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

https://www.acc.com/how-australian-employers-can-help-flood-crisis

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NASA Monitors Rain along Australia’s East Coast and Central Desert | NASA Global Precipitation Measurement Mission

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During the week ending on March 23, 2021, two locations in Australia experienced unusually high rainfall totals. According to news reports a persistent system brought flooding rains to Australia’s east coast from Brisbane to Sydney and points further south. The preliminary estimate from NASA’s multi…

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Destruction of homes(Property damage)
Emotional and Psychological Impacts
Insurance and Financial Burden

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Flood Awareness - What are the impacts of floods

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Floods have both positive and negative consequences Floods are very important for natural environments. Flooding is essential for the health of floodplain vegetation and can act as a trigger for germination of new plants. A number of bird and fish species also rely on flooding to provide suitable b…

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1. Habitat Destruction: Floods can result in the destruction of natural habitats for various species, including both terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Flooding can erode riverbanks, wetlands, and forests, which are critical habitats for many native plants and animals.

2. Soil Erosion: The force of floodwaters can lead to soil erosion, which can negatively impact agricultural lands and the health of aquatic ecosystems. Sedimentation in rivers and streams can harm fish and other aquatic life by smothering their habitats.

3. Water Quality Degradation: Flooding can lead to the runoff of pollutants from urban areas, industrial sites, and agricultural lands into water bodies. This can result in water pollution and affect the quality of drinking water, aquatic life, and the overall health of ecosystems.

4. Disruption of Aquatic Ecosystems: Flooding can alter the natural flow and structure of rivers and streams. It can disrupt aquatic ecosystems, displace or harm fish and other aquatic species, and lead to changes in water temperature and nutrient levels, impacting the balance of these ecosystems.

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- The damage to property
caused by floods is
exponetial and the cost
to replace/repair is huge

- The disruption of economic
activity is also large.
since businesses and people
aren't running anymore.

- The cost of housing and
rescuing these people is
also a pain to gov't wallets