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The region of Israel and Palestine was under Ottoman rule from the 16th century until the end of World War I.

During this time, the region experienced significant changes in demographics and land ownership as the Ottoman Empire implemented policies that favored Muslim Arabs over Jewish immigrants.

The influx of Jewish immigrants, who were encouraged to settle in the region by European powers, led to tensions between Jewish and Arab populations that would continue to escalate in the years to come.

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Before the conflict, Jews and Arabs in Palestine had a complex relationship. While there were instances of cooperation and coexistence, there were also tensions and conflicts over issues such as land ownership and political representation.

The British policies that favored the Jewish community also contributed to the deterioration of Jewish-Arab relations. Arab protests and uprisings against British rule and Jewish immigration were met with violent repression, further fueling tensions between the two communities.

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Jewish immigrants begin to settle in Palestine, then part of the Ottoman Empire.

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The Zionist movement, which sought to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine, emerged in Europe in the late 19th century.

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The British government issued the Balfour Declaration in 1917, expressing support for the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine.

Jewish immigration to Palestine increased in the early 20th century, leading to tensions with the Arab population.

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In 1917, the British government issued the Balfour Declaration, which expressed support for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. This declaration was a result of Zionist lobbying and British imperial interests in the region.

Under British rule, Jewish immigration to Palestine increased significantly, leading to tensions with the Arab population. The British also established a number of policies that favored the Jewish community, such as land purchases and political representation.

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Tensions rise between Jewish and Arab communities in Palestine, with both groups competing for control of the land.

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Zionist organizations, such as the Jewish Agency and Haganah, established settlements and developed infrastructure in Palestine during the interwar period.

The Peel Commission in 1937 recommended the partition of Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states, but the plan was rejected by both sides.

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United Nations votes to partition Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states.

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The United Nations proposed a partition plan for Palestine in 1947, which was accepted by the Jewish leadership but rejected by the Arab states.

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Israel declares independence, leading to a war with surrounding Arab countries. Many Palestinians flee or are expelled from their homes, creating a large refugee population.