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Convinces by faith and belief Definition: The pseudoscience watchlist item convinces by faith and belief means that a person(s) believes in something regardless of whether it can be proven otherwise by evidence.

Connection: This picture is of a woman using a crystal for healing. Instead of using scientifically-backed evidence such as medicine from a doctor for healing, she believes in the mystical connections from the crystals to heal her ailments and bring her good fortune.

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Often Appeals to Emotion Definition: The pseudoscience watchlist item often appeals to emotion can be defined as when something is believed due to an emotional connection, rather than strong evidence presented.

Connection: The picture of the psychic offering is an example of the watchlist item, which often appeals to emotion, as this will attract vulnerable people such as someone grieving a loved one. This service will offer them an emotional connection to that lost loved one. all emotion trumps rational thought at the chance to hear from a loved one who has passed.

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Deliberately Creates Mystery Definition: This can be defined as something that appeals to our need for excitement, it's not something that can be explained, and it is the work of mystical or spiritual agents.

Connection: This image is of a psychic acting surprised or maybe shocked. A psychic claims they can speak to people who have passed but that she can't explain how her only explanation is that spirits work in mysterious ways. Believers in psychics will also say that they can't explain it.

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Money is Often Involved Definition: When a vendor is making money by offering their service for a fee promising them something that isn't real.

Connection: By offering psychic sessions for a fee this vendor is appealing to vulnerable people who are at risk for losing life savings. Money is their motive for a service provided that can't be explained by evidence or rational thought. It's important to define the claim being made, recognize bias in both the vendor and the consumer, and evaluate the source of the information provided. We must also evaluate the evidence behind the psychic's abilities to avoid falling into this trap.

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Confirmation Bias Definition: Confirmation bias can be defined as believing what you want and ignoring the evidence presented to you to prove otherwise.

Connection: This image shows the connection to this red flag as a line of people are eagerly lined up to hear the comforting lies, while they ignore the booth offering unpleasant truths. It highlights how confirmation bias draws people toward the beliefs they desperately want to cling to, ignoring the truth even when it's right in front of them. Skepticism takes a back seat as people choose to follow what falls within their wants.

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Ancient Wisdom Definition: The definition of ancient wisdom is when we believe in knowledge passed on to us from our ancestors who have less knowledge than modern-day science.

Connection: This image is an example of the conflict between ancient wisdom and modern medicine. We have scientific evidence that shows us that modern medicine works including how it works. Ancient wisdom is speculation and by chance, it isn't something that can be backed by science or evidence.

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All Natural Definition: This red flag can be defined as products promising results using all-natural methods or ingredients. There isn't usually any scientific evidence to support this.

Connection: This picture shows how all-natural advertising can be used to make promises by using scientific-sounding language. This example isn't as direct as some scientific language but by using the word "cure" and referencing an illness as serious as cancer it points to the same idea. It's important to debunk such claims by critically evaluating the evidence behind them.

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Appeal to Authority Definition: This red flag is defined as believing in something just because it is being told by someone of authority such as a medical doctor telling me a vaccine will cure an illness.

Connection: This image is a great example of the red flag, appeal to authority. It shows a medical professional, someone who is held to a higher standard than others because they are a dentist. If the dentist is telling me the viceroys are good for me then it must be true. However, this reflects a lack of critical thinking, as the trust in authority creates a group-think mentality, where people blindly follow the message. This leads to a distorted view of the truth, as the endorsement from a figure of authority masks the reality of the product's harmful effect.s

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Red Herring Definition: The red herring is defined as an attempt to distract or redirect a conversation from the original topic.

Connection: Although not as serious as a politician redirecting a potentially damaging question to another topic, this image shows the connection to the red herring red flag. Her daughter is talking about a new toy that she wants and instead of responding to her daughter's request directly she attempts to distract her by promising a treat at home. This subtle tactic of distracting her attention can be seen in everyday interactions, like how anecdotes are often used to shift focus from original points and to lead the conversation into a different direction.

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Simplicity Definition: The definition of simplicity is that there are usually simpler explanations of events.

Connection: This image shows the connection to simplicity by showing that sometimes when we dream about a specific event and it comes true it isn't because we can tell the future. The law of large numbers is the true reason for the dream coming true. Simply put it is a coincidence that you dreamt something and then it happened. The scientific method helps us understand such phenomena, encouraging us to rely on logic and evidence rather than supernatural causes.

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Patternicity Definition: Patternicity is defined as seeing a pattern of something that isn't present such as a cloud shaped like an elephant.

Connection: The image of the tree is a great example to show the connection to patternicity. The bumps on the trunk of the tree appear to resemble a face. As humans, we tend to look for patterns as a part of a survival instinct. While this helps us make sense of the world, it can lead to seeing things that aren't there. In this case, the perceived face lacks demonstrable validity, as there is no real evidence to support that it's more than the random arrangement of bumps.

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Unexplained Definition: When something can't be explained we try to find the explanation ourselves. We need to be able to understand things so even though we don't know how something is done, we must figure it out and find the explanation.

Connection: This magic trick picture shows the connection to the reason for belief, unexplained by showing that we know a card can't slice through our wrist, it's showing us that it's happening but we know there must be a different explanation. Critical thinking allows us to question what we see and understand that there's a trick behind the illusion. A summary conclusion based on logic and evidence, and relying on reputable sources, we can explain the magic trick rather than being mislead.