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MAOIs treat different forms of depression as well as other nervous system disorders e.g. panic disorder, social phobia and depression with atypical features. 

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MAOIs treat different forms of depression as well as other nervous system disorders e.g. panic disorder, social phobia and depression with atypical features. 

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An enzyme called monoamine oxidase is involved in removing the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine from the brain. MAOIs prevent this from happening, which makes more of these brain chemicals available to effect changes in both cells and circuits that have been impacted by depression.

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An enzyme called monoamine oxidase is involved in removing the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine from the brain. MAOIs prevent this from happening, which makes more of these brain chemicals available to effect changes in both cells and circuits that have been impacted by depression.

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In control of movement, learning and attention.

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In control of mood, sleep, appetite, and impulsive & aggressive disorders.

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In control of eating and alertness.

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Isocarboxazid (Marplan)

Phenelzine (Nardil)

Selegiline (Emsam)

Tranylcypromine (Parnate)

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MAOIs also affect other neurotransmitters in the brain and the digestive system, causing side effects:

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MAOIs also affect other neurotransmitters in the brain and the digestive system, causing side effects:

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Because of side effects and safety concerns, MAOIs are most often tried when other antidepressants don't work.

The most common side effects of MAOIs include:

Dry mouth

Nausea, diarrhea or constipation

Headache

Drowsiness

Insomnia

Dizziness or lightheadedness

Skin reaction at the patch site

Other possible side effects include:

Involuntary muscle jerks

Low blood pressure

Reduced sexual desire or difficulty reaching orgasm

Weight gain

Difficulty starting a urine flow

Muscle cramps

Prickling or tingling sensation in the skin (paresthesia)

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Use of MAOIs typically requires diet restrictions and avoiding certain other medications because MAOIs can cause dangerously high blood pressure when taken with certain foods or medications.

MAOIs are an older type of antidepressant that are rarely used nowadays. They can cause potentially serious side effects so should only be prescribed by a specialist doctor.

The toxic effects of MAOIs are observed when their inhibitory effects on monoamine oxidase are compounded by drug-food interactions, overdose or drug-drug interactions.

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Source from the US National Library of Medicine 

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Source from the US National Library of Medicine 

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Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI) - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf

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Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a separate class from other antidepressants, treating different forms of depression and other nervous system disorders such as panic disorder, social phobia, and depression with atypical features. Even though MAOIs were the first antidepressants introduced, they are not the first choice in treating mental health disorders due to several dietary restrictions, side effects, and safety concerns. MAOIs are only a treatment option when all other medications are unsuccessful. This activity will highlight the mechanism of action, adverse event profile, pharmacology, monitoring, and relevant interactions of MAOIs, pertinent for members of the interprofessional team in treating patients with conditions where this drug class has a therapeutic purpose.