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1419: Prince Henry's School of Navigation

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1419: Prince Henry's School of Navigation

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Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal establishes a school of navigation at Sagres. This institution played a crucial role in advancing nautical science, cartography, and shipbuilding, paving the way for Portuguese exploration.

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1488: Bartolomeu Dias Rounds the Cape of Good Hope

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1488: Bartolomeu Dias Rounds the Cape of Good Hope

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Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias becomes the first European to sail around the southernmost tip of Africa, opening up a sea route from Europe to Asia. This voyage was a major breakthrough in naval exploration.

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1492: Christopher Columbus Reaches the Americas

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1492: Christopher Columbus Reaches the Americas

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Italian explorer Christopher Columbus, sailing for Spain, reaches the Caribbean islands. Although he thought he had reached Asia, this voyage marks the beginning of European exploration and colonization of the Americas.

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1497-1499: Vasco da Gama's Voyage to India

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1497-1499: Vasco da Gama's Voyage to India

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Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama becomes the first European to reach India by sea, sailing around Africa. This established a sea route for the lucrative spice trade between Europe and Asia.

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1519-1522: First Circumnavigation of the Globe

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1519-1522: First Circumnavigation of the Globe

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Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, sailing for Spain, begins the first voyage to circumnavigate the globe. Although Magellan died during the expedition, one of his ships completed the journey in 1522, proving that the Earth is round.

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1519-1521: Hernán Cortés Conquers the Aztec Empire

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1519-1521: Hernán Cortés Conquers the Aztec Empire

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Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés leads an expedition that results in the fall of the Aztec Empire in present-day Mexico. This conquest marks the beginning of Spanish colonization in the Americas.

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1577-1580: Sir Francis Drake Circumnavigates the Globe

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1577-1580: Sir Francis Drake Circumnavigates the Globe

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English explorer Sir Francis Drake becomes the first Englishman to sail around the world. His voyage included exploration of the western coast of North America and raids on Spanish colonies.

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French explorer Samuel de Champlain establishes Quebec City, one of the first permanent European settlements in North America. This marks the beginning of New France and plays a crucial role in the French colonization of the Americas.

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English explorer Henry Hudson sails into what is now known as Hudson Bay in search of the Northwest Passage. Although he didn't find the passage, his explorations laid the groundwork for English claims in North America.

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1642: Abel Tasman Discovers Tasmania and New Zealand

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1642: Abel Tasman Discovers Tasmania and New Zealand

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Dutch explorer Abel Tasman becomes the first European to reach Tasmania and New Zealand. His voyages in the South Pacific expanded European knowledge of this region and led to further exploration by later explorers.