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Combination of Methods: Merges the oral focus of the Direct Method with the grammar focus of the Traditional Method.

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Combination of Methods: Merges the oral focus of the Direct Method with the grammar focus of the Traditional Method.

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Language is taught through imitation without grammar or translation.

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Language is taught through imitation without grammar or translation.

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The persons involved in the transferring of this knowledge are known as INFORMANTS

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Vocabulary is taught in isolation with a literal translation.

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Grammar is taught through memorization (verbs, tenses, etc.).

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Tested by translation exercises.

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Instructors had no formal training.

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English taught in English-speaking countries with constant exposure.

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It is focused on immersion and practical language use.

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It has an emphasis on situational learning.

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It makes use of illustrated textbooks, and audiovisual aids (e.g., flashcards, tapes).

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Electronic Language Laboratories were

also important teaching aids for pronunciation exercises:

Repetition exercises

Dialogs for simulated conversational practice.

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Three-Step Process:

1. Oral Exposure: Students are first introduced to the sounds of the language through words and sentences using visual aids (e.g., pictures, flashcards, video).

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2. Word Order and Spelling: After mastering sounds, students focus on sentence structure and spelling.

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3. Grammar Explanation: Teachers explain grammar objectives using simple, non-technical language.

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Teacher Training: Special courses were developed to train teachers in teaching vocabulary, structural grammar, and the sound system using audiovisual materials and phonology.

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Differences between T.E.S.L. vs. T.E.F.L.

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Differences between T.E.S.L. vs. T.E.F.L.

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It differentiates based on the environment (English-speaking vs. non-English-speaking countries), teacher training, materials, and class schedules.