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Skin scraped against a rough surface

Top layer of skin wears away, exposing numerous blood capillaries

Increases the probability for infection

must be cleaned, medicated, and dressed

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Occur when a blunt force is delivered over a sharp bone or a bone that is poorly padded, giving a wound the appearance of a jagged-edge cavity

May also result in skin avulsion

To treat the laceration before you see the doctor: Apply direct pressure to the wound. Use gauze, or a clean cloth.

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Wounds with smooth edges

Use a normal saline solution (salt water) or mild soapy water.

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Direct penetration of tissues can introduce the tetanus bacillus into the bloodstream, possibly making the athlete a victim of lockjaw

All severe lacerations and puncture wounds should be referred immediately to a physician

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Skin is torn from the body

Associated with major bleeding

To reattach the torn tissue, the avulsed tissue should be placed on moist gauze, preferably saturated with saline solution

Should be taken along with the athlete to the hospital for reattachment

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Same as those for inflammation

Pain, heat, redness, swelling, and disordered function

Pus may form due to accumulation of white blood cells

Fever may occur as immune system fights bacterial infection

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Guidelines instituted by OSHA were developed to protect the health care provider and the patient against bloodborne pathogens

All sports programs should develop and carry out a bloodborne pathogen exposure control plan

Plan should include counseling, education, volunteer testing, and management of bodily fluids

OSHA's guidelines should be followed by anyone coming in contact with blood or other bodily fluids