# data[].attributes.body
BW7: Students should be able to describe respiration and photosynthesis as both chemical and biological processes; investigate factors that affect respiration and photosynthesis

# data[].attributes.body
1. Light Intensity

2. Temperature

3. Carbon Dioxide Concentration

# data[].attributes.body
Photosynthesis is the process in which light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of sugars. In a process driven by light energy, glucose molecules (or other sugars) are constructed from water and carbon dioxide, and oxygen is released as a byproduct.

# data[].attributes.headline
Is there artificial ways of photosynthesis?

# data[].attributes.subject
Is there artificial ways of photosynthesis?

# data[].attributes.body
1. Consumes carbon dioxide and produces oxygen for respiration

# data[].attributes.body
2. Source of food and medicine for animals and humans

# data[].attributes.body
3. Produces oxygen needed to burn fuels and consumes the carbon dioxide produced

# data[].attributes.body
NOS2

NOS3

NOS10

(Justification in collaborative planning document)

# data[].attributes.body
As can be seen by the graph above, photosynthesis is affected by light intensity, temperature and levels of CO2. It can also be seen in this graph that photosynthesis has optimum levels for these 3 factors

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Keeping Earth Alive: How Photosynthesis Is Essential To Our Survival | Mach | NBC News

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The .gov means it's official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Abstract

Sunlight is an abundant energy source for a sustainable society. Indeed, photosynthetic organisms harness solar radiation to build the world around us by synthesizing energy-rich compounds from water and CO ₂. However, numerous energy conversion bottlenecks in the natural system limits the overall efficiency of photosynthesis; the most efficient plants do not exceed solar storage efficiencies of 1%. Artificial photosynthetic solar-to-fuels cycles may occur at higher intrinsic efficiencies, but they typically terminate at hydrogen, with no process installed to complete the cycle for carbon fixation. This limitation may be overcome by interfacing solar-driven water splitting to H ₂-oxidizing microorganisms. To this end, hybrid biological-inorganic constructs have been created to use sunlight, air, and water as the only starting materials to accomplish carbon fixation in the form of biomass and liquid fuels. This artificial photosynthetic cycle begins with the Artificial Leaf, which accomplishes the solar process of natural photosynthesis-the splitting of water to hydrogen and oxygen using sunlight-under ambient conditions. To create the Artificial Leaf, an oxygen evolving complex of Photosystem II was mimicked, the most important property of which was the self-healing nature of the catalyst. Self-healing catalysts permit water splitting to be accomplished using any water source, which is the critical development for (1) the Artificial Leaf, as it allows for the facile interfacing of water splitting catalysis to materials such as silicon, and (2) the hybrid biological-inorganic construct, called the Bionic Leaf, as it allows for the facile interfacing of water splitting catalysis to bioorganisms. Hydrogenases in the bioorganism allow the hydrogen to be coupled to NADPH and ATP production, thus allowing the solar energy from water splitting to be converted into cellular energy to drive cellular biosynthesis. In the design of the hybrid system, water splitting catalysts must be designed that support hydrogen generation at low applied potential to ensure a high energy efficiency while avoiding reactive oxygen species. Using the tools of synthetic biology, a bioengineered bacterium, Ralstonia eutropha, converts carbon dioxide from air, along with the hydrogen produced from such catalysts of the Artificial Leaf, into biomass and liquid fuels, thus closing an entire artificial photosynthetic cycle. The Bionic Leaf operates at solar-to-biomass and solar-to-liquid fuels efficiencies that greatly exceed the highest solar-to-biomass efficiencies of natural photosynthesis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

Solar-driven water-splitting provides a solution to the energy problem underpinning climate change.

Barber J. Barber J. Biochem Soc Trans. 2020 Dec 18;48(6):2865-2874. doi: 10.1042/BST20200758. Biochem Soc Trans. 2020. PMID: 33242067 Free PMC article. Review.

Hybrid Catalysts for Artificial Photosynthesis: Merging Approaches from Molecular, Materials, and Biological Catalysis.

Smith PT, Nichols EM, Cao Z, Chang CJ. Smith PT, et al. Acc Chem Res. 2020 Mar 17;53(3):575-587. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00619. Epub 2020 Mar 3. Acc Chem Res. 2020. PMID: 32124601 Review.

Cited by

Comprehensive advances in the synthesis, fluorescence mechanism and multifunctional applications of red-emitting carbon nanomaterials.

Mandal T, Mishra SR, Singh V. Mandal T, et al. Nanoscale Adv. 2023 Sep 12;5(21):5717-5765. doi: 10.1039/d3na00447c. eCollection 2023 Oct 24. Nanoscale Adv. 2023. PMID: 37881704 Free PMC article. Review.

Atomically dispersed Ir catalysts exhibit support-dependent water oxidation kinetics during photocatalysis.

Zhang H, Liu T, Dulock N, Williams BP, Wang Y, Chen B, Wikar H, Wang DZ, Brudvig GW, Wang D, Waegele MM. Zhang H, et al. Chem Sci. 2023 May 26;14(24):6601-6607. doi: 10.1039/d3sc00603d. eCollection 2023 Jun 21. Chem Sci. 2023. PMID: 37350819 Free PMC article.

Microbial applications for sustainable space exploration beyond low Earth orbit.

Koehle AP, Brumwell SL, Seto EP, Lynch AM, Urbaniak C. Koehle AP, et al. NPJ Microgravity. 2023 Jun 21;9(1):47. doi: 10.1038/s41526-023-00285-0. NPJ Microgravity. 2023. PMID: 37344487 Free PMC article. Review.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
photosystem ii protein complex / chemistry

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
photosystem ii protein complex / metabolism

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
national center for biotechnology information

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Artificial Photosynthesis at Efficiencies Greatly Exceeding That of Natural Photosynthesis - PubMed

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Sunlight is an abundant energy source for a sustainable society. Indeed, photosynthetic organisms harness solar radiation to build the world around us by synthesizing energy-rich compounds from water and CO 2 . However, numerous energy conversion bottlenecks in the natural system limits the ...

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Group work as an incentive for learning – students’ experiences of group work

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Group work is used as a means for learning at all levels in educational systems. There is strong scientific support for the benefits of having students learning and working in groups. Nevertheless, studies about what occurs in groups during group work…

# data[].attributes.body
Practical investigation on factors affecting photosynthesis