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He was in a bad car accident caused by texting and driving.  He lost one of his legs and thinks that everyone looks and treats him differently because of his injury. He takes pain killers, is color blind, and gain 20 pounds since the incident. He remembers driving but cannot remember the accident itself. His manager reports that he has trouble remembering information for more than a few minutes and frequently gets confused. Also reported that he shows up late and sometimes call out because he's sick.(night shift) His wife reports that since the accident, he sits in front of the tv more but looks guilty for it.

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Case study

He watches television a lot since the accident and treated her unkindly after watching violent television shows,

In section 3.2 passage 2, transduction relates to this situation because the sensory perceptions convert the sensory stimulation into neural impulses.

(Wood et al., 2014)

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Hayashi, Y., Friedel, J. E., Foreman, A. M., & Wirth, O. (2019). A behavioral economic analysis of demand for texting while driving. Psychological record, 69(2), 225–237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-019-00341-w

Kremer, M., Becker, L. J., Barrot, M., & Yalcin, I. (2021). How to study anxiety and   depression in rodent models of chronic pain? European Journal of Neuroscience, 53(1), 236–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14686

Wood, S.E., Wood, E.G., & Boyd, D. (2014). Mastering the world of psychology. Pearson.

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Case Study

Reports that the car that hit him appeared to be farther away and moving slower than it was

In chapter 3 passage 1, this relates to the text because sensation is the process in which the sensors pick up visual sensory stimuli and perception is the process in which the brain organizes and interprets sensory information.

(Wood et al., 2014)

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Classical Conditioning is a type of learning through which an organism learns to associate one stimulus with another.

In chapter 5 passage 2, the classical conditioning definition relates to Abe's case because whenever he hears the song that was on when he got in his accident his heart rate goes way up. He associates the song (one stimulus) with the accident (another stimulus).

(Wood et al., 2014)

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In Chapter 5,.7 Passage 3, operant conditioning is a learning in which the consequences of behavior are manipulated so as to increase of decrease the frequency of response to an entirely new one.

Abe's managers set incentives for attendance like earning lunch for his team, for his timely attendance. By giving a positive reinforcement for attendance and team collaboration. Abe is most likely going to repeat these behaviors. They are being reinforced with a rewarding consequence which goes with the principles of operant conditioning.

(Wood et al., 2014)

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The car accident and resulting physical and psychological challenges, including chronic pain and anxiety, may contribute to cognitive difficulties, impacting Abe's thinking, IQ, and potentially limiting his creativity. His difficulty sleeping, continued pain, and reported feelings of sadness and fatigue, as highlighted by his therapist, further suggest potential cognitive and emotional consequences of the trauma. Abe's attendance problems and struggles with the changed filing system at work, coupled with his difficulty remembering information, indicate practical challenges that may result from cognitive impairment, affecting his overall job performance and functioning in daily tasks.

(Wood et al., 2014)

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Theory of Cognitive Development

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According to Sternberg, the triarchic theory seeks to understand human intelligence in terms of three subtheories: a contextual subtheory that related intelligence to the external world of the individual; a componential subtheory that related intelligence to the internal world of the individual; and an experiential subtheory that applies to both the internal and external environments.

(Wood et al., 2014)

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Abe's mother affected his human development at an early age. She was an authoritarian parent. Authoritarian parents make rules, expect unquestioned obedience from their children, punish behavior, and value obidence to authority. She expected him to be obedient and for him not question her at all. She was always putting him down by telling him he was good enough.

(Wood et al., 2014)

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Research done by Hayashi, Friedel, Foreman, and Wirth (2019) suggests after a study that looking at factors like how strong the desire to text and how flexible people are in changing their behaviors can help us better understand why people value social interactions through texting and driving.

(Hayashi et al., 2019)

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The theory that emotional feelings result when an individual becomes aware of a physiological response to an emotion-provoking stimulus

This relates to our case with Abe Smith because whenever he hears the song that was playing during the accident he freaks out.

(Wood et al., 2014)

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Maslow came up with the idea of the need for self-actualization and the need to realize one’s fullest potential.

This relates to our case study with Abe Smith because he has a hard time finding what his purpose is in life and it causes him to feel down in life. Abe’s version of self-actualization is whenever he goes to his therapist and she sets small goals for him to improve his mood and overall way of living.

(Wood et al., 2014)

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A person's personality is shaped based on their patterns of behaviors, thinking, and feelings. According to Freud's Conception of Personality, a personality consists of three structures: the id, the ego, and the superego. Abe's mother always telling him he wasn't good enough as a child could have possible messed up his ego and superego.

(Wood et al., 2014)

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Abe Smith wants to work. His boss recently put in an attendance incentive that when he meets the timely attendance, he will be rewarded with earning lunch with his team. This can be classified as intrinsic motivation meaning an action is persuaded because it is enjoyable and/or rewarding.

(Wood et al,. 2014)

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Abe Smith shows dispositional attributes

(Tying a behavior to some internal cause.) He is struggling to try to get his life back together after the wreck. He thinks that once he gets things together, he will be fine. His behavior seems uneasy, tense, unfriendly, and aggressive at times.

(Wood et al., 2014)

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In this case study, social influence plays a role in Abe's perception of work and interpersonal relationships. His beliefs about managers being unfair may be influenced by his experiences and interactions, impacting his behavior and attendance. Additionally, his wife's encouragement for him to remain active reflects a supportive social influence on his well-being.

(Wood et al., 2014)

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Sensation and Perception and Chronic Pain

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Sensation and Perception and Chronic Pain

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Abe's chronic pain may impact his sensation and perception, affecting his ability to focus on tasks, such as adapting to the new filing system at work. The pain might contribute to his difficulty in remembering information, possibly leading to increased stress and anxiety. The interconnected nature of physical and psychological factors underscores the complexity of his situation.

(Kremer et al., 2021)

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In a matter of five seconds, texting and driving can cause a lifetime of problems physically and mentally. We had three main takeaways from this project. The first one is chronic pain and how it affected his everyday life at work and at home. His mother also had an impact on his human development at an early age. Lastly, his cognitive impairment affected his overall job performance and created many challenges during his everyday life.