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Chartered by the virginia company and approved by king james (1607

Mostly male settlers

Believed they would find gold and riches early

Early hardships due to poor planning and knowledge of the area

Eventually the colony became economically and financially stable allowing for good to be sent back to england for a profit and better living conditions for the settlers

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Pilgrims

From england

Landing  in plymouth, massachusetts

Congregationalists

Aka puritans

Aka pilgrims

Disagreed with the church of englandd - too much ritual, focus should be on congregation

Moved to holland in 1609 then eventually asked virginia  company for a charter

Meant to land in VA, ended up in massachusetts,  december 1620

Before landing, signed the mayflower compact

Keep in mind : what was the mayflower compact and why was it important

Mayflower:

-mayflower bound for  virginia, landed in massachusetts

-100 people, full families

-all english-puritan

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“A City Upon a Hill”

John Winthrop-Governor  of Massachusetts and a Puritan Preacher

Puritan Society

-Puritans were the majority of the individuals who were coming to settle  in the Massachusetts bay colony and area

Puritans believed in these core principles,

Judgmental God (rewards good/punishes evil)

Predestination/Election (salvation or damnation was predetermined by God)

Original Sin (humans are innately sinful, tainted by the sins of Adam and Eve; good can be accomplished only through hard work and self discipline

Puritans worked extremely hard

This philosophy made many people stressed. (If you messed up in the slightest, you could be dealt with the worst punishment)

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New England

New Hampshire

Massachusetts

Connecticut

Rhode Island

Middle Colonies

New York

New Jersey

Pennsylvania

Delaware

Southern Colonies

Maryland

Virginia

North Caroline

South Carolina

Georgia

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New England Economy

Subsistence Farming (Growing only what you need)

Timber and Ship building

Manufactured Goods

Trading

Fishing and whaling

New England Social

Religion

Separatists/Pilgrims

Puritans

Strict religious rules

Closed communities (Intolerant of different ideas)

New England Political

Government

Self Governing Charters

Town meetings

The mayflower compact

The fundamental orders of connecticut

New England Env.

Geography

Mountainous

Rocky, hard soil (Very short growing season, long cold winters, bad for farming)

Large forests

Natural Harbors (On  the Atlantic Ocean)

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Southern Colonies Economy

Economy

Farmed Tobacco, Rice, Indigo, and Cotton

Grew “cash crops” on plantations

Purchase manufactured goods

Southern Colonies Social

English PLantation Owners, Indentured Servants, Transported Criminals, and Slaves

Most Southern colonies focused on making a profit, not on religion

Maryland: religious freedom for Catholics

Virginia: Jamestown and tobacco

North Carolina : first English attempt at a colony (Roanoke)

Georgia : found for debtors and prisoners

Religious freedom: Most were Anglican (Church of England

Southern Colonies Env.

Fertile  soil

Long growing season and fertile land

Cool winters and hot summer

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Ships would leave the colonies with raw materials and rum bound for England

They would leave England and take money from sale of goods, rum, and iron to Africa to trade for slaves

Ships would bring Slaves from Africa to the West Indies

They would take remaining slaves, sugar and molasses to the Colonies

Between 1650 to 1860, 10 to 15 million enslaved people were transported from western Africa to the Americas. Most were shipped to the West Indies, Central America and South america. Most are taken to the west indies and brazil area.

Average lifespan for a slave for 7 years.

Working conditions were very bad

You would work until you died

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Mercantilism - export more than they import (favorable balance of trade)

Colonies purpose is to help mother country

Gain as much material wealth as possible (Gold, Silver)

Navigation Acts

All shipping had to be done on English or Colonial ships

Cash crops could only be sold in English Colonies

Colonial imports had to pass through English ports

Any colonial good not shipped to England were to be taxed

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- from approximately 1526 to 1867, some 12.5 million captured men, women, and children were put on ships in Africa, and 10.7 million arrived in the Americas.

-  reached 30,000 per year in the 1690s and 85,000 per year a century later.

- By 1820, nearly four Africans for every one European had crossed the Atlantic

- over 90 percent of enslaved Africans were sent to the Caribbean and South America. Only about 6 percent of African captives were sent directly to British North America

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Middle Colonies Economy

Farmed wheat, oat, barley and rye (Called the bread colonies)

Ship building

Skilled craftsmen

Some trade

Middle Colonies Social

Religion

Quakers

German Baptists

French Huguenots

Portuguese Jews

Dutch Mennonite (Amish)

Lutherans

Anglicans

Middle Colonies Political

Government

Proprietary Charters

Religious Freedom and Tolerance

Freedom  of the Press

Strong Courts

Middle Colonies Env.

Geography

Plenty of waterways (Rivers, lakes)

Warm summers and mild winters

Long growing seasons

Fertile soil