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What are the key theories for first language acquisition?

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What are the key theories for first language acquisition?

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The key theories for first language acquisition are Behaviorist, Innatist, and Interactionist Theory.

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How does second language acquisition differ from first language acquisition?

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How does second language acquisition differ from first language acquisition?

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An individuals second language is derived from what they already know about their native language and its acquisition. The following theories elaborate how those second languages are acquired.

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o   Behaviorist – Theory: children imitate adults and their language developed is based on reinforcement of their utterances from adults (Skinner)

§  Child is praised for using language

§  If negative reinforced because not being reward for what being asked not praised

§  Limitation language is made of set of rules and children make mistakes

·         Not because copying ie “ranned outside”

·         Overapply a rule add “ed”

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Theory: Children are born with special language learning mechanisms, a language acquisition device (LAD) (Chomsky)

§  Learn as soon as they hear language

§  Children born with natural faculty “LAD” language acquisition devise

·         Learn language and work out rules

§  Children exposed to language but does not consider how children use interaction with adults or caregivers while learning to communicate

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Theory: Children learn language by interacting with their caregivers (Bruner)

§  Through interactions and communication with others

§  Limitation all children seem to go though stages of language acquisition regardless of interactions

§  Does acknowledge the part of both the child and the social environment

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§  Behaviorist – imitation, reputation reinforcement of grammar – immediately correcting all errors

·         Audiolingual Method – recorded and then memorize and drills of lesson

·         Repetition and imitation

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§  Innatist – proposing learn the rules of second language similar to that how learn first language and innate ability in all children to learn language

·         Krashen’s five hypothesis

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§  Interactionist – modifying language based on interactions with others

· Interactions between native speaker and learner

· Comprehensible input and output

o   Think about input language into the person learning so they can understand and what we can provide successfully output that new language

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Acquisition/Learning Hypothesis

o   Difference between learning and acquiring a language

o   Acquiring is a natural process of interacting with native speakers

o   Learning is when language is taught in a formal setting

Monitor Hypothesis

o   Language learners have an internal grammar monitor for output of language resulting from learning the rules of the language – aligned with Innatist Theory

Natural Order Hypothesis

o   Language learners acquire and do not learn the rules of the second language and certain features learned earlier and later

Input Hypothesis

o   Significance of comprehensible input

§  Second language acquisition of result of understanding the new language in natural environments

§  In order to occur must be comprehensible input but also grammatical input just beyond the learner’s level +1

§  Should be authentic use of language

§  Similar to scaffolding – providing support to input knowledge of language that is slightly above learner’s level

Affective Filter Hypothesis

o   Low anxiety environment during language learning – lower the effective filer is used – describes environment where learners are not anxious or self-conscious

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Common underlying proficiency – all languages share common foundations

o   When acquiring a new language because not first-time acquiring language

o   You can apply rules learning first language to second langue

Linguistic interdependence model

o   Acquisition of second langue depends on development a proficiency of native language

o   More proficient in first language quicker they will be able to be proficient in the other

o   Basis for most bi-lingual program specifically support

o   Fastest way is proficiency in first

o   As proficiency in L1 increases so does proficiency in L2

§  Below CUP – common underlying proficiency – language transfer