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This amendment was a result of the Emancipation Proclamation that declared “all persons held as slaves within any State, or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free”. The 13th Amendment abolished slavery in all United States territories and all states.

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This first Civil Rights Act was established in order to grant American citizenship and grant birthright citizenship and all of the associated rights and protections. This allows African Americans to be identified as American citizens and to receive the same citizen rights as white Americans.

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1870: African American Men’s Right to Vote

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1870: African American Men’s Right to Vote

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In 1870, the 15th Amendment was put into place to grant African American men the right to vote. This helped African Americans be seen as American citizens and have the ability to vote on what they believed in. However, despite the 15th Amendment, white supremacists still made it difficult for African American’s to have accessibility to vote.

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The Enforcement Acts were three bills passed by the United States Congress. These bills protected the African American’s right to vote, to hold office, to serve on juries, and receive equal protection of laws. This law also allows federal government to intervene when states did not protect these rights. These acts were important because they protected the rights of African Americans who wanted to be treated equally and had the same rights as white citizens.

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This event was a case in which the Supreme Court ruled and supported the “separate but equal” doctrine which mandates racial segregation in public facilities. It was deemed that it was constitutional because here facilities were “separate but equal”.

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In 1920, Congress passed and granted the American women’s right to vote. From the 1800s, women have protested, marched, and fought for woman suffrage. The 19th amendment was put into place which granted a women’s right to vote.

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During this event, Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. This case overruled Plessy vs. Ferguson that mandated separate facilities for white and Black Americans and overturning “separate but equal”.

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After the event of Rosa Park’s arrest after denying a white man her seat in the bus, a citywide boycott ensued. This boycott was against the racial segregation of public transportation. The boycott continued until in 1956, when federal court ruled and Supreme Court upheld that keeping buses segregated was unconstitutional.

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The March on Washington was a peaceful protest at the National Mall in Washington where 250,000 people protested in favor of equality. During this event, Martin Luther King Jr gave his famous “I Have a Dream Speech”.

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The Civil Rights Act prohibits against discrimination against race, color, religion, an national origin in voting, public facilities, public education, and employment.

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The Stonewall riots were a series of protests by those who were supporting the gay community. This protests were caused after the police were raiding on gay bars and establishments. this event resulted in continued support for the gay community and for LGBTQ+ rights.

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This case focused on the decision that protected the right to an abortion. This case resulted in the Supreme Court ruling in favor for the right to have an abortion through the use of the 14th Amendment. The 14th Amendment provides fundamental “right to privacy” which protects a pregnant person’s right to abort.

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The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 protects employees and job applicants from employment based on disabilities. This Act requires Federal agencies to make accommodations for disabilities. This Act supports people despite their background, including their disabilities, to work in their desired employment.

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This act was made to prohibit discrimination in department, agency, or facility of the State or local government, a State or local government facility where assistance is needed, colleges, university, public schools, and other organizations. This is important because it made organizations comply with civil rights legislation in order to receive funding and thus made these companies unable to discriminate.

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During this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the right to marry to guaranteed to same-sex couples with the support of the 14th Amendment. This meant that same-sex marriage were legal in the United States.