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1. The Bullet Ant can grow to 3cm, making it one of the largest ants in the world.

2. The local name for Bullet Ant is hormiga veinticuatro, which means 24-hour ant.  This is because the extreme pain from the sting can last 24-hours.

3. The Bullet Ant is found all over the world in all types of habitat.

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One Patrol member is given the name of the deadly creature
They mime out the words for the Patrol to guess
The performer cannot speak

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Read the Article to discover the Deadly Creature.
The quotation marks (" ") show where the name of the animal has been deleted.

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1. The Bullet Ant can grow to 3cm, making it one of the largest ants in the world. TRUE

2. The local name for Bullet Ant is hormiga veinticuatro, which means 24-hour ant.  This is because the extreme pain from the sting can last 24-hours. TRUE

3. The Bullet Ant is found all over the world in all types of habitat.

FALSE: The Bullet Ant is found in the South American lowland rainforests and currently exists in a range from Nicaragua to the extreme east of the Honduras, and south to Paraguay, in South America.

Read more at Our Breathing Planet: Bullet Ant https://www.ourbreathingplanet.com/?p=3918

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Use the Code Cipher to solve the mystery of which creature has caused the injury.

Three words

The "|" shows a break between each letter.

. . - .  | . | . - .

- . . | .

. - . . | . - | - . | - . - . | .

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The bullet ant has the most painful sting of all insects.©iStock.com/Atelopus

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Bullet Ant - The most painful sting in the world!

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Bullet Ant - The most painful sting in the world!

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The notorious bullet ant, or Paraponera clavata, delivers the most excruciating sting of all insects. Found in Central and South America’s lush rainforests, these creatures grow up to an inch long with a unique reddish-black hue.

The Infamous Sting

The bullet ant’s sting is so painful that it is often compared to being shot, hence the name. The sting’s venom contains a neurotoxin called poneratoxin, which causes intense pain lasting up to 24 hours. In some cases, the pain is accompanied by fever, nausea, and temporary paralysis of the affected limb.

Source: https://a-z-animals.com/blog/insects-with-the-most-painful-stings/

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The Brazilian Wandering Spider

Unlike the tarantulas and jumping spiders of the Amazon, the Brazilian Wandering Spider is one you might want to be a little more concerned about. Eight species of spiders fall under this category, all highly aggressive and venomous.

They are part of the genus Phoneutria, coming from the Greek word for “murderess”, which is perhaps a more appropriate name for the dangerous arachnids. They are thought to be the most venomous spiders in the Amazon, and on Earth, and an untreated bite can kill a human in as little as 25 minutes.

There are eight different species of Brazilian wandering spiders, the largest being about 5 inches across. While it may seem big for a spider, it’s just small enough for them to sneak into exported fruits. Another nickname for these creatures is “banana spiders” since they have been known to hide in bunches of bananas, remaining undiscovered until reaching lands as far away as the USA or UK. These are the spiders you’ll hope not to see on an tour of the Brazilian Amazon.
Sourced from: https://www.rainforestcruises.com/guides/spiders-of-the-amazon

People who are bitten by a Brazilian wandering spider should seek medical attention immediately.

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The Story - Crossing Petrópolis - Teresópolis Attack

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The Story - Crossing Petrópolis - Teresópolis Attack

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Hiking through Brazil on the Crossing Petrópolis - Teresópolis, a puma pounces without warning and injures one of your Patrol.

The Scout is left with cuts and scratches all over face and arms where they had fended off the attack.

PLEASE NOTE: "The Puma is a fearsome predator and although attacks on Humans are rare, they do occur nonetheless. There have been nearly 100 recorded attacks on Humans but most of these occur because the Puma has been cornered or feels threatened in some way. Rare cases of severe starvation have also led to Pumas attacking Humans although this is not that common as people are not generally seen as prey to them." AtoZ animals website

WHAT DO YOU DO?

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Size and Colour
With a mass of up to 6 kilograms (13 lb) and a maximal length of 2.5 meters (8.2 ft), fer-de-lances are among the largest pit vipers.

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What is severe bleeding?

Send for help early by calling triple zero (000) for an ambulance.

Bleeding should be managed as severe and life-threatening if it cannot be controlled by firm, direct and continuous pressure, and/or there are signs of shock.

If it is obvious that severe and life-threatening bleeding is present, controlling bleeding before the airway and breathing can be lifesaving.

As well as the obvious sign of blood coming from a wound, signs and symptoms of severe bleeding include:

Weak, rapid pulse

Pale, cool, moist skin

Pallor, sweating

Rapid, gasping breathing

Restlessness

Nausea

Thirst

Faintness, dizziness or confusion

Loss of consciousness

What to do

1. Follow DRSABCD.

2. Apply gloves if available. Help the patient to lie down. Remove or cut the patient’s clothing to expose the wound.

3. Apply firm, direct and continuous pressure on the bleeding wound initially with your hands until the bleeding stops. The patient or a bystander can do this.

4. When available, apply a pad or dressing in or directly over the wound and apply firm, direct and continuous pressure until the bleeding stops.

5. Once bleeding is controlled secure the pad by bandaging firmly, ensuring the pad remains directly over the wound. Observe for any further bleeding.

6. Continue to check the patient’s vital signs (consciousness, breathing and pulse) and look for recurrence of bleeding.

7. Do not give the patient anything to eat or drink.

8. Call Triple Zero (000) for an ambulance.

Sourced from: https://stjohnnsw.com.au/guides-severe-bleeding

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The Story - Ciudad Perdida (Lost City) – Colombia - Too Close Encounter!

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The Story - Ciudad Perdida (Lost City) – Colombia - Too Close Encounter!

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Your patrol are in Colombia on route to Cuidad Perdida.  You are trekking  through lush rainforest and gorgeous rivers to reach the Lost City of Tayrona Indians. You are excited to find the ancient ruins built around 800 AD, pre-dating Machu Picchu by 650 years.
One of your Scouts suddenly scream and drop clutching their right leg.  You see a HUGE snake slither away matching the description of the Fer-de-lance Viper.

WHAT DO YOU DO?

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Source: Photo by Photo by Barkah Wibowo on Unsplash

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Your patrol are on a a paddling break on the Amazon River.  One patrol member decides to jump in for a swim.
The Scouts suddenly screams and runs from the river.  They have open wounds on their feet and legs below the knees. You see splashing and ripples in the water. A fish jumps. You recognise it as a piranha.

WHAT DO YOU DO?

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Your patrol are in Brazil on route to the Hercules’ Portals, this trail in Parque Nacional Serra dos Órgãos is named for the bearded face of Hercules that can be spotted on a cliff along its route.
You set up camp for the night and cook your dinner.

One of your Scouts reaches for their drink bottle, suddenly dropping it, clutching their right hand.  You see a HUGE spider moving away matching the description of the Brazilian Wandering Spider.

WHAT DO YOU DO?

Source: https://www.lonelyplanet.com/articles/best-hikes-in-brazil

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Your Patrol set out to experience the beauty of the Salto Suizo, one of the most popular places in the commune of Independencia in Paraguay.  You stop for lunch in the lowlands near a creek.

Suddenly one of your patrol scream out in excruciating pain.  You notice that they are sitting on an ants nest!

WHAT DO YOU DO?

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Your Patrol has survived to hike another day!

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Symptoms

intense pain at site of bite lasting up to 24 hours

In some cases:

fever

nausea

temporary paralysis of the affected limb

Cold pack

Suitable for red-back spider or other spider bite; bee, wasp or ant sting; tick bite; scorpion or centipede sting; jellyfish sting.

1.  Apply a cold pack to the bitten or stung area for 15 minutes and reapply if pain continues.

2.  The cold pack should be changed when necessary to maintain the same level of coldness.

3. Seek medical aid if the pain worsens.

Sourced from: https://stjohnnsw.com.au/guides-bites-and-stings

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What is a snake bite?

All known or suspected snake bites must be treated as potentially life-threatening, and medical aid should be sought urgently.

A snakebite is an injury caused by the bite of a snake, especially a venomous snake.

Signs and Symptoms

Signs of a snake bite are not always visible. In some cases, the patient may not have felt anything.
Symptoms may not appear for an hour or more after the person has been bitten.

Depending on the type of snake, signs and symptoms may include some or all of the following:

Immediate or delayed pain at the bite site

Swelling, bruising or local bleeding

Bite marks (usually on a limb) that may vary from obvious puncture wounds to scratches that may be almost invisible

Swollen and tender glands in the groin or armpit of the bitten limb

Faintness, dizziness

Nausea and vomiting

Headache

Abdominal pain

Oozing of blood from the bite site or gums

Double or blurred vision

Drooping eyelids

Difficulty in speaking or swallowing

Limb weakness or paralysis

Difficulty in breathing

Occasionally, initial collapse or confusion followed by partial or complete recovery

What to do

1. Follow DRSABCD

2. Call triple zero (000) for an ambulance.

3. Lie the patient down and ask them to keep still. Reassure the patient.

4. If on a limb, apply an elasticised roller bandage (10–15 cm wide) over the bite site as soon as possible.

5. Apply a further elasticised roller bandage (10–15 cm wide), starting just above the fingers or toes and moving upwards on the bitten limb as far as can be reached.

Use clothing or other material if an elasticised roller bandage is not available.

Apply the bandage as firmly as possible to the limb. You should be unable to easily slide a finger between the bandage and the skin.

6. Immobilise the bandaged limb using splints.

7. Keep the patient lying down and completely still (immobilised).

8. Write down the time of the bite and when the bandage was applied. If possible, mark the location of the bite site (if known) on the skin with a pen, or photograph the site. Do not wash venom off the skin or clothes because it may assist identification.

9. Stay with the patient until medical aid arrives.

Sourced from: https://stjohnnsw.com.au/guides-severe-bleeding

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What is a bite and/or sting?

In a medical emergency call triple zero (000) for an ambulance.

A bite is when an insect (like a mosquito, flea, or bedbug) uses its mouth to break a person's skin, usually so it can feed. Insect bites usually itch.

A sting is when an insect uses another body part, such as a barbed stinger at its tail end, to pierce the skin and inject venom (like a poison)*.

*KidsHealth: www.kidshealth.org

Symptoms

After a human is bitten by a Brazilian Wandering Spider,  they may experience initial symptoms such as:

severe burning pain at the site of the bite

sweating and goosebumps

Within 30 minutes, symptoms become systemic and include:

high or low blood pressure

fast or a slow heart rate

nausea

abdominal cramping

hypothermia

vertigo

blurred vision

convulsions

excessive sweating associated with shock

What to do

Pressure bandaging and immobilisation

Suitable for any snake bite (including sea snakes), funnel-web spider and mouse spider bites, blue-ringed octopus bite, cone shell sting.

1.  Follow DRSABCD.

2.  Call triple zero (000) for an ambulance.

3.  Lie the patient down and ask them to keep still. Reassure the patient.

4.  If on a limb, apply an elasticised roller bandage (10–15 cm wide) over the bite site as soon as possible.

Apply a further elasticised roller bandage (10–15 cm wide), starting just above the fingers or toes and moving upwards on the bitten limb as far as can be reached.

Use clothing or other material if an elasticised roller bandage is not available.

Apply the bandage as firmly as possible to the limb. You should be unable to easily slide a finger between the bandage and the skin.

5.  Immobilise the bandaged limb using splints.

6.  Keep the patient lying down and completely still (immobilised).

7.  Write down the time of the bite and when the bandage was applied. If possible, mark the location of the bite site (if known) on the skin with a pen, or photograph the site. Do not wash venom off the skin or clothes because it may assist identification.

8.  Stay with the patient until medical aid arrives

Sourced from: https://stjohnnsw.com.au/guides-bites-and-stings

https://stjohnnsw.com.au/guides-spider-bites

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What is severe bleeding?

Send for help early by calling triple zero (000) for an ambulance.

Bleeding should be managed as severe and life-threatening if it cannot be controlled by firm, direct and continuous pressure, and/or there are signs of shock.

If it is obvious that severe and life-threatening bleeding is present, controlling bleeding before the airway and breathing can be lifesaving.

As well as the obvious sign of blood coming from a wound, signs and symptoms of severe bleeding include:

Weak, rapid pulse

Pale, cool, moist skin

Pallor, sweating

Rapid, gasping breathing

Restlessness

Nausea

Thirst

Faintness, dizziness or confusion

Loss of consciousness

What to do

1. Follow DRSABCD.

2. Apply gloves if available. Help the patient to lie down. Remove or cut the patient’s clothing to expose the wound.

3. Apply firm, direct and continuous pressure on the bleeding wound initially with your hands until the bleeding stops. The patient or a bystander can do this.

4. When available, apply a pad or dressing in or directly over the wound and apply firm, direct and continuous pressure until the bleeding stops.

5. Once bleeding is controlled secure the pad by bandaging firmly, ensuring the pad remains directly over the wound. Observe for any further bleeding.

6. Continue to check the patient’s vital signs (consciousness, breathing and pulse) and look for recurrence of bleeding.

7. Do not give the patient anything to eat or drink.

8. Call Triple Zero (000) for an ambulance.

Sourced from: https://stjohnnsw.com.au/guides-severe-bleeding

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Set up 5 tents with equipment for each scenario.

Scouts complete the "Guess the Creature" Activity first
They then receive the fact sheet and scenario
Finally, they treat one of their patrol with the injury.
Scouts move to next tent.

All 5 bases need to be completed for the escape.

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5 x 4-person tents
bandages for each scenario
ice pack
space blankets
sticks for splint
tarp to join tents
Guess the Creature Puzzles (laminated)
Dangerous Creature Fact sheets (laminated)
Story sheets (Laminated)
Solution Sheets (Laminated)
Prizes
Risk assessment
Poster/Banner for the base
Registration table
Stationery