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The Octobrists, also known as the Union of October 17, were a Russian political party that emerged in 1905. They embraced a conservative-liberal ideology and wanted for moderate constitutionalism, aligning with Emperor Nicholas II's October Manifesto. Led by industrialist Aleksandr Ivanovich Guchkov, they garnered support from liberal gentry, businessmen, and bureaucrats.

During their time as the majority party in the third and fourth Dumas from 1907 to 1917, the Octobrists aimed to establish a legislature with significant authority while maintaining the tsar's sole accountability in the executive branch. As tensions grew between the Octobrists and the government, they eventually joined forces with the Kadets in the Progressive Bloc of 1915. This coalition sought to promote representative leadership and implement comprehensive reforms.

Overall, the Octobrists played a prominent role in early 20th-century Russian politics as a centrist alternative, supporting constitutional reforms while upholding the authority of the tsarist government.

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the Kadets were a right winged political/military party.

They argued that the other parties were inherently classist and that this stood in the way of civil liberty. they supported land distribution among peasants however with compensation for the landlord.

the Kadets were most prominently involved in Russian affaires during the first and second duma as well as within the provisional government.

the Kadets emerged in 1906 as the largest party in the first state Duma, the counterrevolution of 1906 restructured the third duma, leaving the Kadets a small minority.

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The socialist Revolutionaries were a non-Marxist political party formed in Russia 1902. Their ideology was 'for the people' - for the average Russian citizen to be able to become a active citizen as a result of their own merit. A direct opposition to the  Tsarist regime, in which heredity privilege reigned superior.

They called for the end of Tsarist Russia and advocated for 'land socialization' confiscation of land from the government, nobles and royals to be the equally distributed among the ordinary people. This allowed them to cultivate immense popularity with majority of the population being peasants.

The great size of popularity of the party was initially its strength but slowly became a weakness as ideological factions divided the party. Including a radical faction the 'left SRs' led by terrorist Maria Spridonova, who gained notoriety for the assassination of a Tsarist official in 1906. Alexander Kerensky, who would become PM in 1917 also belonged to another SRs faction, the Trudoviks.

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They were a communist, far-left revolutionary faction created by Lenin.

There were 21 members & 10 candidate members. Their main supporters were working class people who decided to support them for financial, economic, political and social reasons.

Democratic centralism was the ideology they believed in and they only accepted exclusive candidate was a close party. They wanted peasants to own their own land, and to develop industry and create a working-class in Russia and therefore to implement their believes, they were against world war 1 because that would create many loss of land, economic development, population and agriculture.

They later on became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

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"Give us an organisation of revolutionaries and we will overturn Russia” - Lenin

In 1898 Georgi Plekhanov’s followers joined with other smaller Marxist groups to form the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party - Known as the SD’s or the RSDLP.

The party believed that Russia could achieve socialism after developing a Bourgeois society with an urban proletariat.

The SD's had a newspaper called Iskar.

Central to Lenin's ideas was the belief that membership of the SD’s should be “confined to people who had been trained in the art of combating the political police” and were “professionally engaged in political activity”  (Lenin, what is to be done?, trans)

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A collection of articles on Russian Revolution topics, prepared by Alpha History authors, focusing on major issues and events from the 1800s to 1924.

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The Mensheviks were primarily influenced by the ideals of Karl Marx and Georgi Plekhanov.

They were originally a part of the Social Democrats party and formed during the 1930s due to Martov's disagreement Lenin's notion of a successful revolutionary party that was outlined in "What is to be Done?".

The Mensheviks believed that Marxist parties could help to initiate a socialist revolution to help the working class carry out the revolution. It was also believed that to socialism to occur, capitalism would have to run it's course while Marxist parties incited unionism and class consciousness.

As a whole, the party was against the Tsarist regime, however there was a small percentage who supported the Tsar's government.