# data[].attributes.body
By Devesh and Agneya

Pan and dolly movement is used in movies by cinematographers to shift the view of the audience without cutting the scene. These specific movements can cause an emotional effect, these also make the film more engaging and immersive, making the viewer want to continue watching the film.

# data[].attributes.body
Non-Diegetic sound is used to create suspense, sadness, excitement and other emotions. It can also be a narration for a show. Diegetic sound are sounds the characters hear, like talking, footsteps and other things that the characters can hear.

# data[].attributes.headline
Set construction example- Hazel and Yali

# data[].attributes.subject
Set construction example- Hazel and Yali

# data[].attributes.body
When constructing a set, the builders often only make the three walls of a room that will be shown on screen, which is probably the case for this room. The set constructors making this room would have spent a lot of time designing the walls and making them seem old and elegant, showing how far Barnum has come since he was a child. Something shown in this scene is that the people designing and constructing the set have to work very closely with the costume designers. In this scene, Barnum's white shirt stands out in the fancy gold room, whereas Charity's pink dress blends in, drawing the viewer's focus the the main action in the scene.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
This scene is an example of an over-the-head shot

# data[].attributes.body
In this scene, Mr. Bennett is talking to Barnum about the fact that his circus is fake. Through these few seconds of this scene, we can clearly tell the facial expressions of Barnum. This over-the-shoulder shot emphasises the relationship between the two characters.

# data[].attributes.body
This is a scene from the start of The Greatest Showman picturing Barnum as a child after his father passes away and he lives on the streets. He hears someone advertising about the Great American Railroad and stands up. This is a scene where setting is very important. It also contrasts with the other example on setting.

# data[].attributes.body
Set construction is the construction of the scene which is used to film the movie. A skilled team of designers is needed to make sets of movies look realistic and fit with the story and emotion the director is trying to convey in a scene. Often when constructing sets, only the parts of an object that will be shown on screen are made. This saves time and money because the designers and builders won't have to make the whole object.

# data[].attributes.body
The setting is very important in this small section of the film because it pictures Barnum and Jenny in a rich and lavish lifestyle on tour while Charity and his daughters were left behind, showing and contrasting just how much Barnum has come since he was young and was a tailor boy and now a successful man. This is shown by the background and the clothes that Barnum is now wearing. The setting is really important and plays a big role in this section. This is because if the background were something else, for example, the streets, this would not develop the story or the characters and would not really make as much sense.

# data[].attributes.body
A prop, formally known as (theatrical) property, is an object used on stage or screen by actors during a performance or screen production. A prop is normally used to assist with the credibility of production. They can be both symbolic and practical.

When filming, we use props because it helps us add meaning, and credibility and enhances the end product.

We have chosen this prop (the lantern) as it shows the underlying theme of hope and finding the light in our lives. In this case, his light is his family, as he goes through a hard time they are the only things that keep him going, like a light shining in the darkness, leading his way.

# data[].attributes.body
This is an example of a medium close-up shot. In this scene, Barnum is going to recruit a small man for his "circus". Note how there isn't much background detail, but there is more emphasis on Barnum's facial expressions. The purpose of this shot is to highlight his body posture and gestures, and to highlight the character's emotion.

# data[].attributes.body
The absence of light gives an eerie, mysterious and storytelling feel to this scene. Darkness mixes with the brightness on the character's face, spotlighting the character, which makes the viewers focused on his face and what he is going to get out of his suitcase. If this scene was in all light, the atmosphere wouldn't be created, which is required to engage the viewers on one specific aspect or character of the scene.

# data[].attributes.body
Annabelle and Kevin L

Costumes are a set of clothes, including hats, shirts, pants, garments, shoes etc, that is worn by an actor or an actress.  Costumes play a very important role in characterization, which shows the characters’ age, personality, nationality, hobbies, social status and economic status all before they introduce themselves. In the greatest showman they are most commonly used to show the status of a person. The director used this device since it makes the viewer use their own creativity to tell the story, not the film telling the viewer. This image shows the queen in this movie wearing a crown and a royal sash, the crown signifying that she is the queen and the royal sash to signify that she is the highest rank in chivalry. I chose this example because this example signifies the queen’s highest status as the queen wears the unique crown and royal sash.

# data[].attributes.body
What is setting and why is it used?
Setting is when and where the story takes place. This can include where and when. Eg. Barnum's Museum, New York City, mid 19th century. Setting is a very important and essential film device in films because it can establish the mood and situation of the story as well as creating a theme for the story. It helps tell the story and create a theme. Without setting, the story would not be interesting or entertaining and wouldn't make sense.

# data[].attributes.headline
Different Types Of Medium Shots (Cyrus, Aariz)

# data[].attributes.subject
Different Types Of Medium Shots (Cyrus, Aariz)

# data[].attributes.body
1. Medium close-up shot
A medium close-up shot shows the character from head to chest or shoulders, and show minimal to some setting. A medium close-up shot puts more emphasis on the character than the setting.

2. Medium Long-Shot
The medium long-shot shows the character from head to around the knees and more setting. It is also sometimes referred to as the ¾ shot. Unlike the medium close-up shot, the medium long-shot shows more setting rather than the character.

3. Over-the-Shoulder Shot
An over-the-shoulder shot shows a character captured by a camera that’s behind or over the shoulder of another character. It usually emphasises the characters’ relationship. An over-the-shoulder shot is a medium shot from behind.

By Cyrus and Aariz

# data[].attributes.body
Anisha, Min and Kushal

Lighting is a technique used to add drama and depth to a scene, used to draw attention and focus and creating and enhancing distinct moods. It utilizes light and the absence of it, creating an atmosphere that fits what the movie is trying to show. The mood created by lighting depends on multiple aspects, such as the direction (from the back, from the side), the source (a lamp, a chandelier, the sun), colour (warm, cold) and quality (harsh with crisp contrasts, diffused with low contrast)

# data[].attributes.body
In this scene, the background in black, while the two are brighter, contrasting and putting the viewer's focus onto them. It symbolises how in this moment, it is only them two and no one else.

# data[].attributes.body
The lighting used here has low contrasts, and gives the scene a warm feeling. The light is seemingly coming from the lower right, making the viewer focus on the couple.

# data[].attributes.body
This example in the Greatest Showman, Phillip and Anne fall in love and as time slows down the camera inches closer towards them until they are basically touching. This is because the love story is a big part of the main storyline and it is also used so your eyes are only focused on the one scene and nothing else as it shows the importance of this scene. This scene uses the concepts of close up and extreme close up

# data[].attributes.body
Long shots and extreme long shots are also really good for scenes with an explosion. This scene in the Greatest Showman shows the scene with the circus lit on fire. The long shot helps show the chaos and disaster that occurred during this horrible moment.

# data[].attributes.body
A lot of the time, Long shots are also used to show that there is a larger idea in the scene by showing a larger part of the set. In this scene, where the circus' building is burning down, a lot of the crowd is shown in the long shot to express to distress of the incident.

# data[].attributes.body
The makeup is usually used to enhance someone's appearance but in The Greatest Showman, it is used to highlight the differences of the performers. The uniqueness of the people in this film is highlighted by the makeup. Use of the pink makeup on Anne shows off her pink hair, something abnormal in those times. The bearded lady wears extravagant makeup to draw attention to her quirks, and her colourful personality, which it shown in her facial expressions and her makeup.

# data[].attributes.body
What are long shots and extreme long shots?

Long shots and extreme long shots are different shot types which affect the scene of a movie, portraying a scene in a different perspective. These shots are taken a distance away from the main focus of the shot.

Long shots and extreme long shots are used to show the environment that the character is in, or to show the weakness of the character, especially since the character may seem so small in an extreme long shot. This shot in the Greatest Showman shows a long shot. The environment in the scene is clearly shown, and the character is small, representing the strangeness of the scene.

# data[].attributes.body
Costume is the clothes people wear to enhance their identity as a character in a play or film. It is used to help us understand the possible role of a character (e.g. if someone was wearing a firefighter costume we would assume they held that role), and can be used to back u setting. In the film The Greatest Showman, costume is used to make us more in tune with the characters- for example, Mr Barnum wears reasonably posh clothes throughout the film telling us about both his personality (he is striving for better things) and, later, his new-found social status. I have chosen this photograph because it presents Mr Barnum in his iconic ringleader outfit featuring a vest style that pops up multiple times in the movie, backing up our understanding of the time it was set in. It also shows the costume of one of his circus members and the general public, showing how his costume stands out.

# data[].attributes.body
A Diegetic sound is a sound originating from the plot or story line and emanates from the storyworld of the film. Diegetic sound is used to make a setting and add more information to imagine what the world is like. Non-Diegetic sound is any sound that does not originate from within the film’s world. Non-Diegetic sound is used to relate to the watcher and adds depth and meaning to the film.

# data[].attributes.body
This scene shows Barnum trying to persuade Carlyle to join his "circus". This shot gives equal presence to not only the the characters, but the bar setting around them. The viewers can easily view the change of the character's facial expressions through out the setting. We can see the body language of Carlyle and Barnum in the setting clearly. This mid shot gives off a tense setting as you can tell from their stern body posture and facial expressions.

Cyrus and Aariz

# data[].attributes.body
A close up shot in a movie is mostly used to show the small details of a scene that is particularly  important in the movie’s storyline. It can also be used in a slow or romantic scene as seen in the Greatest Showman. A close up and an extreme close up are used similarly to represent a moment or scene. In the Greatest showman it is mostly used to convey emotion. An extreme close up shot is a more intense version of a close up, it shows a specific detail. For example zooming into the characters eyes to represent emotion. A close up shot is usually used to capture a character's facial expressions to depict emotion, while also showing the details of the setting. Both of these techniques can be applied together to show a representation of a character's emotion in a clearer way, by zooming in or out.

# data[].attributes.body
Christian and Hugo

This set is one of the most meaningful throughout the entire film. The museum, now a theatre,  that built itself up from nothing, slowly became more famous for its shows, burned down, seemingly ending PT Barnum’s career as a showman. The mood appear very ominous and helpless, everyone knowing there is nothing that can be done to undo the damage, but also sad,

because the performers had only just found the respite of being different proudly, and together, only for it to fall apart. Another aspect is fame. Fame must be built up gradually, and with care, and a slight mistake could bring it all crashing down, in this instance, engaging in a fight.

# data[].attributes.body
Diegetic sounds are sounds that are from the world of the characters. Non diegetic sound is sound that comes from the outside world from the film, like songs and music. For example, the songs and music in the film like "This is me" and "From now on." The music from these are examples of non-diegetic sound. A example of diegetic sound is characters talking and carriages moving. A simple definition is that diegetic sound is what we hear and the characters hear, and non-diegetic sound is what we hear, but the characters can't.

# data[].attributes.body
Annabelle and Kevin L

Makeup is a colorful cosmetic that is used to help give us a visual representation of a character's personality, and is inseparable from any performance. In the image above we see Lettie Lutz’s (Bearded Lady) wearing purple and red eyeshadow which could symbolize her vigor and her bravery which is shown numerous times throughout the film. We chose this image because Lettie character’s uses lot’s makeup to correctly portray her personality.

# data[].attributes.body
A set design assists with the look of theatre production as well as setting the mood and tone. It is also used in films to make the audience believe that they are in the movie, which then helps them better understand the character. The designs aid the audience in decrypting whether the scene is crucial or not. This can be shown by the saturation of the colours, the placement of props, and the background movement. The mood of the scene can be shown through the set with its lighting and dynamics.

# data[].attributes.body
Christian and Hugo
In this set, right near the start, PT Barnum is shown as a young teenager, in what would be the mid-19th century. He stands in such a way so the expensive ‘showman’s’ costume is overlapping with his drab clothes, clearly illustrating his dream of being rich, famous and wanted. In the previous set, intended to all be going on in the young adult’s head, he is the leader of a show, singing and entertaining the audience with stunts and tricks. This set contrasts rich and poor people, and the desire to be better than perhaps what we were born into.

# data[].attributes.body
By Devesh and Agneya

Pan and dolly movement is basically the movement of the camera. The word "pan" comes from panorama which means moving the camera from side to side or up and down. Dolly movement, however, is how the camera moves forward or backward, or zooms in or out. The movement of the camera is also based upon how the scene is made up, the lighting of the set or the actual location and many more film devices. This shows that the film devices are somehow all related to each other.

# data[].attributes.body
By Zarif and Tian

Set design helps set where the scene is taking place and also sets the tone of the scene itself. Set design is used in films to help the audience put themselves in the characters shoes and better understand it as the film producers envisioned it. Set design also helps with the tone of the scene, the audience will be able to know if its a climactic, important or casual scene by the way the set is designed with it's colours, props and the background. Set design helps with where the scene is as the audience will be able to relate it to things already in the film or just know what things may be in the scene.  The main aspects used in mind when designing the set is the background, props, lighting, clothing  and colours. Set design also impacts the intensity of a scene, eg: the ending circus scene had the set design for that 'flare' of the circus making it all look incredible, if it wasn't for this the ending may have not had that intensity of the scene, the importance.

# data[].attributes.body
By Zarif and Tian

This set design is this scene show that its at night near the street  and gives off a dangerous and scary tone. We chose this as it shows the film place and tone clearly, the place showed by the black sky with little to no light, with lamps and a asphalt road. The tone is shown by the dark colors, grey and black and little bright colours. This being after the circus showing the dark parts of the film, what the producers may do after a happy moment near the start

# data[].attributes.headline
What are the purposes of mid shots? (Cyrus, Aariz)

# data[].attributes.subject
What are the purposes of mid shots? (Cyrus, Aariz)

# data[].attributes.body
Mid Shots are used to give emphasis on the character and the setting it is in. A mid shot gives both these elements an equal presence on screen. This scene from the film shows Barnum and his "circus" performing a show. The mid shot puts emphasis on both the characters and setting. You can see how not only Barnum is clearly visible, but the setting around him also pops out. Medium shots also let the audience see the change of the character's facial expression, and gestures with the setting around them.

By Cyrus & Aariz

# data[].attributes.body
By Devesh and Agneya

I have chosen this example because this shows a clear example of Dolly camera movement. In this clip, the camera is zooming into flyers and posters of Barnum's Museum, therefore creating an effect of Dolly. It slowly zooms in, which catches the viewer's attention and makes the viewer anticipated and excited. The cinematographers did a good job in creating anticipation since when the camera zooms in slowly, it creates an affect on the viewer that they want to know more about this particular thing since they know that it is important. If it wasn't important then the cinematographers would simply have skipped over this but they didn't. Overall, this is why I chose this particular clip.

# data[].attributes.body
By Zarif and Tian

This set design is in the way to a house with the tone being calm and peaceful. We chose this because it clearly shows the type of scene it is with the set design. The house with a pathway in the middles gives indication that the scene will be heading toward the house. The colour usage, vegetation and the cleanliness gives you that feeling of relaxation that the producers would try to do after a big moment in the film.

# data[].attributes.body
By Zarif And Tian

The set design in this scene is a circus with a upbeat like tone. We chose this because it clearly shows where it is and the tone of it, the red and white tent with a stage clearly shows its in a circus and the types bright colors pop out giving it a upbeat like tone giving it a a happy ending to the film after misfortunate events just before which would be how the producers would try to end a film off. The set design here also boosts the 'bang' of the circus performance making it all pop giving it a more exciting and thrilling element.