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A transgenic animal is when an animal's genome has been altered by transferring one or more genes from another breed or species.

They are a very important model within biomedical research used for researching human disease and understanding gene function in terms of a disease to determine a solution.

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- Needs the ability to transfer and manipulate embryos
- Walter Heape in Angora Rabbits 1891
- 1st genetic modification on animals 1974 by Rudolph Jaenisch

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Two transgenic mice shown with a regular mouse in the middle. The transgenic mice have been genetically altered to carry a green fluorescent protein that glows green when exposed to blue light.
Credit: Ingrid Moen et alet al., BMC Cancer, 12/21 (2012), 1-10.

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Late 90s, Charles and Joseph Vacanti and Bob Langer genetically modify a mouse to grow a human ear on its body which was used to help understand how humans could grow body parts using their skin and cartilage.

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- transgenic animals have been used to produce human antibodies
Example: antithrombin lll, a protein found in transgenic goats milk is used for people who have hereditary antithrombin deficiency and are going to have surgery or childbirth

- provide a model that closely mimics the human body = greater insight and test experimental drugs
- function of a specific gene at the level of the whole organism

of transgenic mice:
- extensive analysis of their genome sequence
-  genome is similar to humans
- psychological and behavioral tests can be related to humans
- techniques are available for the manipulation of mice
- short reproduction cycle

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Small improvements in milk volume in Guzerat cows (left) using genetic material from high-producing Holsteins (right) could have a significant impact on Brazilian beef production (Wheeler et al. 2010.

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- extremely expensive
- could be a high mortality rate
Example: transgenic pigs have higher rates of developing arthritis, dermatitis, and reduced reproductive performance

- high level of genetic mutations
- reliability is questionable
Example: 0.6% of pigs were born with the desired genes after 7,000 eggs were injected

- ethical considerations
- there are some apprehensions about the safety of transgenic foods

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Blood vessels, intestines, the heart - all of the reed frog's organs are visible through its translucent skin. It's a great adaptation for camouflage... and just plain gross. From: CRAZY MONSTER FROGS http://bit.ly/1wfMYxP

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Yossi and Megan Transgenic Animals - Details - Kahoot!

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Join a game of kahoot here. Kahoot! is a free game-based learning platform that makes it fun to learn - any subject, in any language, on any device, for all ages!

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Chief, Editor in. “20 Biggest Pros and Cons of Transgenic Animals.” ConnectUS, 8 May 2019, https://connectusfund.org/9-biggest-pros-and-cons-of-transgenic-animals.

“Transgenic Animals: Advantages and Disadvantages.” BioTechnology Notes, 16 May 2016, https://www.biotechnologynotes.com/animals/transgenic-animals/transgenic-animals-advantages-and-disadvantages/678#:~:text=Disadvantages%20of%20Transgenic%20Animals%3A&text=(b)%20Generation%20of%20transgenic%20animals,researchers%20to%20create%20transgenic%20breeds.

“Transgenic Animals Have Genes from Other Species Inserted into Their Genomes.” WhatisBiotechnology.org, https://whatisbiotechnology.org/index.php/science/summary/transgenic/transgenic-animals-have-genes-from-other-species-inserted.