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Traumatic loss is a common cause of Type 1 Trauma.

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Trauma can be experienced in a number of different settings. Settings might include home life, at school, the work place, in the wider community or in a war zone.

Whether an event is deemed traumatic is defined by the 'subjective experience' of it rather than the event itself.

We have provided a breakdown of experiences which might typify a traumatic experience.

There are two main categories of trauma. Types 1 and type 2.

Type 1 Trauma

Type 1 refers to single-incident traumas which are unexpected and come out of the blue. They can be referred to as big T trauma, shock or acute trauma. A condition related to big T trauma or Type 1 trauma is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.

Examples of type 1 trauma might include:

Severe illness or injury

Violent assault

Sexual assault

Traumatic loss

Mugging or robbery

Being a victim of or witness to violence

Witnessing a terrorist attack

Witnessing a natural disaster

Road accident

Military combat incident

Hospitalisation

Psychiatric hospitalisation

Childbirth

Medical trauma

Post suicide attempt trauma

Life threatening illness or diagnosis

Type 2 Trauma

Complex trauma describes trauma which may have been experienced as part of childhood or early stages of development.

Repetitive trauma refers to trauma which has been repeated over a period of time and is often part of an interpersonal relationship where someone might feel trapped emotionally or physically. They may also feel as if they have been coerced or powerless to prevent the trauma.

A condition related to type 2 trauma is Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.

Examples of type 2 trauma include:

Sibling abuse

Childhood emotional abuse

Domestic violence

Emotional neglect and attachment trauma

Abandonment

Verbal abuse

Coercion

Domestic physical abuse

Long term misdiagnosis of a health problem

Bullying at home at school or in a work setting

Sexual abuse

Emotional abuse

Physical neglect

Overly strict upbringing sometimes religious

Historical, Collective or Intergenerational Trauma

This trauma is characterized by psychological or emotional difficulties which can affect different communities, cultural groups and generations. Adaptive coping patterns can be passed intergenerationally. Examples might include:

Racism

Slavery

Forcible removal from a family or community

Genocide

War

Vicarious or Secondary Trauma

This type of trauma can occur when someone speaks to someone who has experienced a trauma or witnessed a trauma first hand. The person listening can experience secondary trauma and experience symptoms experienced by the person explaining the trauma.

Little t trauma

Little t trauma is less prominent and discussed less often. Little t traumas are experiences which are part of the everyday and are an expected part of life. They may however be very traumatic. Examples might include:

Loss of a loved one (not traumatic bereavement)

Moving to a new house

Losing a job

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Types of trauma Trauma can be experienced in a number of different settings. Settings might include home life, at school, the work place, in the wider community or in a war zone. Whether an event is deemed traumatic is defined by the 'subjective experience' of it rather than the event itself.

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Type 2 trauma reactions are characterized by repeated or extended trauma over the lifespan, and typically are experienced by persons with a history of abuse in destructive families

https://www.silverpinestreatmentcenter.com/addiction-blog/the-5-types-of-trauma/

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Trauma is extremely complex and can come from a wide variety of causes. It could either build up after time or hit someone out of the blue after a life-altering event.

Since each case is so different, trauma is organized into five different categories. These categories are intended to help us understand how to treat each type of trauma.

What Is Trauma?

But before we hop into the different types and treatments of trauma, let's go over what trauma is in general. Trauma, by definition, is a response to an event that someone finds highly stressful.

Trauma can appear at random points throughout a person's life and can cause many physical and emotional effects. One of the most common results of trauma is PTSD, which comes with its own set of symptoms.

How Trauma Can Affect You

Emotional and physical symptoms of trauma may include:

These effects may be sudden or build up over time after exposure to risk factors of trauma.

Risk Factors of Trauma

As we mentioned earlier, trauma can come from a variety of experiences. Some events or issues that may pose a risk for trauma or PTSD include:

Bullying

Harassment

Physical & sexual assault

War & genocide

Witnessing an attack

Traffic accidents

Being attacked or kidnapped

Natural disasters

Domestic abuse

Racism

Losing someone

Depending on what causes the trauma, each person's case will fall into a different category. Once you can match your individual story with a type of trauma, you will hopefully be able to get successful treatment.

What Are the Different Types of Trauma?

So now let's dive into the specific types of trauma. While they could probably be broken down into plenty of subcategories, the main five kinds of trauma are listed below:

Type 1

Type 1 trauma, commonly related to PTSD, usually stems from one single traumatizing incident.

This type of trauma may be caused by: severe illness, sexual or violent assault, witnessing a terrorist attack or natural disaster, childbirth, road accidents, suicide attempt, mugging, or robbery.

Type 2

Type 2, also related to PTSD, is a kind of trauma that usually occurs over a long period of time. Most of the events associated with this type of trauma occur during childhood.

This type of trauma may be caused by: domestic violence, domestic abuse, sexual or emotional abuse, physical neglect, abandonment, or bullying

Historical or Collective

This kind of trauma typically comes from difficulties that affect certain communities, cultures, or groups.

Historical or Collective trauma may be caused by: racism, genocide, war, or removal from home

Secondary

Secondary trauma occurs either when someone has witnessed a traumatic event (like a natural disaster or an attack) or when they have heard about someone else's traumatic experience. While it may be rare, some people can feel some symptoms of trauma after listening to someone else's story of their traumatic event.

Little T

Little T trauma can come from common or everyday experiences that can still greatly impact someone mentally or physically.

This type of trauma may be caused by: moving, losing a job, or losing a loved one

Recovering From All Kinds of Trauma

One you know what kind of trauma you are suffering from, you will be more equipped to seek the right doctor or treatment for you. Treatment methods for trauma may include:

Therapy (CBT, for example)

PTSD medication

Self care practices (exercise & mindfulness)

If you think that you or a loved one may be experiencing any of these types of trauma, contact our team of mental health specialists by visiting us here or calling 866-345-2147.

Sources
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/trauma#when-to-seek-help https://traumapractice.co.uk/types-of-trauma/

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Trauma is extremely complex and can come from a wide variety of causes. It could either build up after time or hit someone out of the blue after a life-altering event. Since each case is so different, trauma is organized into five different categories.

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Mass shootings are a topical example of a cause of Type 1 Trauma and Traumatic loss.  Pictured here are examples of people experiencing such trauma.

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Traumatic Loss = Violent or Unexpected Death of a Loved One

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Traumatic Loss = Violent or Unexpected Death of a Loved One

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https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2015-34688-001

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Therapy is an Immediate Need for those Suffering Traumatic Loss

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Therapy is an Immediate Need for those Suffering Traumatic Loss

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Therapy and other forms of treatment may help limit the effects of traumatic loss such as PTSD and complicated grief.

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SAN JOSE, Calif. (KGO) -- Processing grief and the loss of loved ones creates another level of trauma for the families of the VTA victims. Counseling has already been offered to them. Some may decline. Psychologists encourage them to seek help over a period of time.

"The grieving process can take years, unfortunately, and symptoms of PTSD can also take before they start to settle as well," said San Francisco clinical psychologist Dr. Andrea Zorbas, who is founder of Therapy Now. "So this is going to be something that is going to be needed ongoing."

A hurdle could be the stigma of seeking mental health services. Loved ones should be on the lookout for symptoms of depression, insomnia, anxiety, feelings of survivor's guilt and flashbacks.

"If you notice something with your loved one that you bring it to their attention, that we try to demystify and destigmatize going to get mental health treatment," said Leslye Tinson, a lecturer of psychology at San Jose State University.
RELATED: How to help San Jose shooting victims and their families
Psychologists say friends also need to reach out to offer support in a very targeted way.

Tinson suggested this approach. "Offer what you can provide instead of asking the grieving person, 'what do they need from me?' As a friend say, I can bring meals to your house on Wednesday and Friday. Is that OK?"

In the VTA case and others, victim families will never see closure since the alleged shooter is dead and is not facing prosecution. However, the case likely will be examined to see if warning signs went undetected. Such analysis can be difficult.

RELATED: These are the 9 victims of the VTA attack
"When you look at all these mass shooters, there is no common thread. There is no risk profile," noted Dr. Hans Steiner, professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the Stanford School of Medicine. "There's not one thing that predicts they can be mentally ill. It can be in the majority. They're not." Dr. Steiner studies mass casualty events and is writing a book.

Intervention is complicated by privacy laws and false assumptions that mental illness is a root cause.

"Many mentally ill people commit serious crimes. Many non mentally ill people commit crimes," said Prof. Robert Weisberg, Ph.D. J.D., co-director of the Stanford Criminal Justice Center. "There's no very clear correlation between mental illness and crime."

Privacy laws can be amended to allow disclosure of mental health records as they are not Constitutional rights, according to Prof. Weisberg. However, he said "legislators are going to be very loath to intervene in them too much."

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Psychologists urge VTA families, coworkers to seek counseling to ease trauma from shooting

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Processing grief and the loss of loved ones creates another level of trauma for the families of the VTA victims. Counseling has already been offered to them. Some may decline. Psychologists encourage them to seek help over a period of time.

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13 children: ages 2-29

Charged with 75 counts of torture, malnourishment, psychological abuse, physical abuse, and neglect.

Mother was previously sexually abused.
Father was

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0:00 / 7:11•Watch full video

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Turpin Children l 13 siblings allegedly held captive at home by parents l 20/20 Part 1

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This trauma is relatively smaller, more personal, distressing events that anyone can go through at some point in life, and they are often not life-threatening or as obviously scarring.

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This trauma is relatively smaller, more personal, distressing events that anyone can go through at some point in life, and they are often not life-threatening or as obviously scarring.

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Victims of abuse will often be subject to abuse later in life.

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0:00 / 1:01•Watch full video

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Perris Foster Family Accused Of Abusing Turpin Children

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Insecure attachment orientations and post-traumatic stress in a female treatment-seeking sample of survivors of childhood sexual abuse: A cross-lagged panel study.

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Insecure attachment orientations and post-traumatic stress in a female treatment-seeking sample of survivors of childhood sexual abuse: A cross-lagged panel study.

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Researchers examine the relationship between anxiety and avoidance attachment styles in treatment-seeking victims of

childhood sexual abuse among female participants.

No significant evidence was found

It is worth considering that treatment-seeking victims of childhood sexual abuse, have not been directly limited by their abuse. The results of this study cannot speak to victims who do not seek treatment.

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Insecure attachment orientations and posttraumatic stress in a female treatment-seeking sample of survivors of childhood sexual abuse: A cross-lagged panel study. - PsycNET

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Adult attachment theory is increasingly being conceptualized within a traumatic framework, however, few studies have examined temporal relationships between the insecure attachment orientations (attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance) and symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTS). PTS refers to sy…

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Survivor of Uvalde School Shooting (PTSD)

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Survivor of Uvalde School Shooting (PTSD)

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This kid lost several of his friends that day. He's currently experiencing psychological distress from the shooting that's affecting his perception of safety.

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'I played dead': Kid who survived Texas school shooting recalls gunman saying 'you're all gonna die'

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Some People are Able to Turn Traumatic Loss into Action

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Some People are Able to Turn Traumatic Loss into Action

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Sandy Hook shooting parents have turned their trauma into action by helping campaign for school violence awareness.

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0:00 / 1:18•Watch full video

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Sandy Hook shooting parents release haunting anti-violence ad - BBC News

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The husband of a teacher killed in a school shooting, died of a heart attack days later.  Many speculate that his Type 1 trauma played a role in his own death.

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Could traumatic loss lead to physical symptoms or even death?

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Could traumatic loss lead to physical symptoms or even death?

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Joe Garcia, the husband of Irma Garcia, one of the two teachers killed in the massacre at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas, died on Thursday of a heart attack, said his nephew John Martinez.

Mr. Garcia, 50, had visited his wife's memorial on Thursday morning to drop off flowers. When he got back home, he "pretty much just fell over," Mr. Martinez said.

The couple had been married for 24 years and had four children, with the oldest 23 and the others teenagers.

Mr. Garcia had been stricken with grief after he lost his wife, Mr. Martinez said. "I'm really in shock right now," he added.

Ms. Garcia, a teacher for more than two decades, was known as a steadfast optimist in her family. She would crack jokes at gatherings and sing her favorite classic rock tunes during parties, Mr. Martinez said.

"She's always been optimistic about everything and just so loving with the people in her life," said Mr. Martinez, 21, a student at Texas State University.

When the authorities went inside the classroom moments after the shooting, Mr. Martinez said, they "found her body there, embracing children in her arms pretty much until her last breath."

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The husband of a teacher killed in the massacre has died of a heart attack.

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Joe Garcia, the husband of Irma Garcia, one of the two teachers killed in the massacre at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas, died on Thursday of a heart attack, said his nephew John Martinez. Mr. Garcia, 50, had visited his wife's memorial on Thursday morning to drop off flowers.

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PTSD and Complicated Grief Are Both Highly Associated with Traumatic Loss

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PTSD and Complicated Grief Are Both Highly Associated with Traumatic Loss

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Studies have found that PTSD and complicated grief are associated with prolonged suffering following traumatic loss.

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https://www.realsimple.com/health/mind-mood/emotional-health/what-is-little-t-trauma

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There is nothing small about this type of trauma-here's what it means and how it can affect you.

Understand how you process and respond to trauma

Trauma is a very personal experience and not everyone may react to trauma in the same way. Take the pandemic as an example. COVID-19 shutting down the world was a collective global trauma, filled with both big "T" and little "t" traumas for many people, running the gamut: losing loved ones, working on the hospital frontlines, losing a job, and being cut off from their social sphere, adapting to a new work cadence, and a general lack of certainty and answers.

Why were some people able to work through the trauma more easily than others? Dr. Moutier likens it to a patient with heart disease. The basic preventive "prescription" for anyone to take care of their heart may include getting regular exercise and watching what you eat, but for someone with heart disease, you may need to do all of those things plus implement some additional therapies.

"We're all predisposed to understand trauma," explains Haylie Yakrus, a mental health clinician from Berman Psychotherapy in Atlanta. "It may be genetic, [environmental] (i.e., [whether or not you felt] safe and protected), or a traumatic experience when we were [children]."

But certain triggers may affect individuals completely differently-or not at all. Sometimes a little "t" trauma can immediately cause an individual to enter that fight-or-flight, high-stress, mode with real physiological symptoms, while it may barely phase the individual next to them.

Much of how intensely you're affected by little "t" stressors depends on how resilient you are. "There is a direct correlation between the resilience reservoir and how we process the trauma," Dr. Moutier says. People who tend to have more emotional resilience (the capacity to cope and bounce back in the face of adversity)-or a bigger "resiliency reservoir," as Dr. Moutier puts it-are better equipped to deal with trauma, particularly those on a smaller, less life-threatening scale. And if you're exhausted and not taking care of yourself, the trauma may have an unintended bigger impact on you.

Some of it is genetic-certain people are born with the ability to recover more quickly or let things roll off their backs more easily-but there's a huge spectrum, and many are not as lucky. The promising news is that filling that resilience reservoir can sometimes be as simple as getting the sleep, hydration, nutrition, and exercise you need.
RELATED: Sleep, Exercise, and Diet Are the Wellness Trifecta-but One Is Most Important for Mental Health, Study Finds

In order to heal from trauma, you have to validate it

Are you just tired from a long day, or is something more serious going on here? How do you know when your body is reacting to a little "t" trauma in a way you need to address? Look inward and validate what's happening.

The physical manifestations of trauma come in many forms. It can be anything from losing your temper easily to having migraines, sweating, and increased heart rate, or obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Yakrus gives the example: "If you just went through a divorce or bad breakup and you refuse to date, that could actually be a reaction to the trauma."

Coming out of the pandemic, if you notice you're incessantly cleaning until your fingers turn raw, that may be a direct correlation to the trauma of this past year.

Noticing patterns and acknowledging that they might stem from something deeper is important, and validating the need to prioritize your mental health is a huge first step. Whether it's talking with a friend, a therapist, or journaling about your experiences.

It's hard to put your finger on when you're in the midst of the fall-out of a smaller trauma, but "by putting it out there, you realize how it's truly significant," Dr. Moutier says. And before you write off self-care as an ineffective luxury-think again. Understand that a lack of taking care of yourself-whatever that means to you, your mind, and your body "can have dire ramifications for your physical and mental health," Dr. Moutier adds.

RELATED: It's Probably Time for a Self Check-in-Here's How to Do It

The ways to cope with little "t" trauma

Follow a comforting, helpful routine.
Once you recognize the trauma, create self-care outlets that work for you and continue to use them. Consistent breaks, moments of self-compassion, and making small, healthy decisions for you are crucial for working through it. "Keeping up with a consistent routine is key, and so is a form of release," Yakrus says. This could be as simple as splurging on the better brand of coffee, taking a long, hot shower, and going for a leisurely walk with a friend to talk.

Schedule non-negotiable time on your calendar to do something that fills up that resiliency reservoir: things that make you happy, fulfilled, accomplished, satisfied, connected-things that give you something to wake up for and look forward to: a sewing class, a yoga session, a great book, or baking.
Know when you need a mental health day.
Yakrus insists we need to start normalizing mental health days from work in the same way we do for sick days. Coming out of a global pandemic, she reminds us that "we should normalize that what we just went through was a collective trauma. As life resumes, we need to take time to ground ourselves, to take a breath, and recognize there is added anxiety [leftover]."
Talk to a therapist.
You can practice all the self-care in the world, but there are still times when you need more than a bubble bath or a cup of tea. Sometimes you need someone (who knows what they're doing) to hold you accountable, who isn't yourself or a friend-and that's where therapy comes in. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a common starting point for working through trauma and a great step toward breaking free of trauma-triggered behaviors.

Dr. Moutier also points to EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) as another treatment option, which can be used to "help the brain file these memory files to a new place in the brain that isn't so charged up."

"In America, we [tend to] grow up thinking that things happen to us, but we aren't powerless," says Dr. Moutier. If we retrain our brain, we can actually start to work through the trauma and alleviate the physiological symptoms we feel. The good news is that with some work and consistency, trauma is something people can work through, and even come out stronger and more resilient on the other side.

RELATED: 8 Apps for Anxiety and Depression That Can Help You Manage Your Mood

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We Need to Talk About Little "t" Trauma-Here's What It Looks Like and How to Process It

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There is nothing small about this type of trauma-here's what it means and how it can affect you. Understand how you process and respond to trauma Trauma is a very personal experience and not everyone may react to trauma in the same way. Take the pandemic as an example.

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Little t trauma or small “t” are often the kind of trauma that is overwhelming and is not seen as traumatic. These can both affect the mind and body because these are unprocessed traumas that we just let go. Small “t” traumas are the ones we should watch more because it can be as simple as getting fired on a job, losing a pet, getting a divorce or financial problems. Especially today as we are still facing the pandemic, everything is different from two years ago. A lot of people had lost their jobs, their business, their loved ones, their houses and sadly themselves too.

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Their whole relationship as a couple together is full of traumatizing experiences...

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Their whole relationship as a couple together is full of traumatizing experiences...

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The Beginnings of Johnny Depp & Amber Heard’s Relationship Detailed in Court

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Trauma, six letters that often define the experiences of many forms of trauma is more than an event, it is an experience. As such, a traumatic experience is often both intrapersonal and interpersonal, it is our personal experiences that often cause us to gather analysis of collective emotion in relation to collective trauma.

Now trauma, (defined as an emotional response to a terrible event or circumstance) often causes an individual to understand this experience as a personal term, rather than a universal definition. Trauma is an experience; it is both personal and collective and can affect the individual just as much as it can affect the world and vice-versa. In many cases we see that a person can go through their own experience of personal trauma; losing a parent at a young age, perhaps losing your home to a Natural Disaster, physical or sexual assault, or even being the witness to a shooting or violent event, the aftermath of trauma can sometimes have long-lasting effects; indeed trauma has a lifespan, it can happen today and live through tomorrow.

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"Nobody talks about the moment that you find out that you are white, or the moment that you find out that you are black. That's a profound revelation... The minute you find that something happens. You have to renegotiate everything and that is a profound psychological moment." ~ University of Minnesota Extension Children, Youth & Family Consortium

Historically, we discover that trauma historically can be passed down without personal experience but collectively gather information. Like playing a game with Chiefs and Indians whereas nobody wants to be the Indian because historically they have died first. Or choosing to be a white character in a film as opposed to a black character in a film, in many cases with the choices given a lot would choose the former because historically black characters die first. Historical trauma is often multigenerational trauma experienced by a specific cultural, racial or ethnic group, however, is not limited to these things.

Historical trauma can be passed down from father to son, mother to daughter, from; "I saw how my father treated his wife" to "this is the only way I know how to treat mine."
The historical effects of trauma can be both intrapersonal and interpersonal.

Once trauma has found a place in the lineage of someone's historical experience, it is often tethered into the framework of in some cases an individual but in many cases an entire collection alike.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n5seaExL_TA

We must understand that generational trauma is a form of historical trauma that affects generations.

As African Americans, our forefathers underwent slavery historically and thus at times may affect our current-day way of life. Similar historical adversities today may trigger the trauma of yesterday.

Triggering trauma simplified is historical trauma. It is historical because it has happened before at least once, and it is trauma because you're reminded of it at least in that one moment, or many moments that lead an individual to a litmus of comprehensive traumatic response.

Historical trauma lingers... In the Times we feel far from the traumatic experiences that we live in the moment, the feeling of lingering trauma is connected to a historical front. The deeper the history, the more likely an individual is to respond to the trauma. Contrary to popular belief, not all trauma is aware, meaning, that not every individual is aware that they have a form of historical trauma. It is more overt issues in an individual's life or historical trauma that has been publicizing for years that someone is often aware that their trauma comes from historical background.

There are many individuals who experience historical trauma who struggle to identify the root of the issue. Trauma historically has a root, and if we trace back from the traumatic leaves to the traumatic branches, to the trunk of trauma we will find ourselves at the root of trauma: and thus forth, the first seed of trauma.

Historical trauma has always begun somewhere, but the longer you deal with it, the greater the history becomes. Sometimes, its history is so great that it may not only affect an individual traumatically, but it can affect an entire generation culturally; and this is the challenge with many ethnic, socio-economic, and applicable backgrounds, is a long, long line of gathered historical trauma lead up to the cascade of a life filled with pain in many variations.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5x4eHn_3tA

Collective trauma affects each individual differently. Some people are the initial source of the of the trauma, others are a compounding aftermath of the trauma. This trauma is collected because many individuals feel it or the effects of it even if they did not participate in it.

If there is a mass shooting, and 14 children were killed, and none of these children were yours, but you have children of the same age, it may becomes collective trauma because we feel as if it was our own.

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Steve Kerr Delivers Powerful Message After Mass Shooting At Elementary School

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Changes in physical and emotional reaction, intrusive memories, increased anger and negative changes in thinking are all signs of PTSD, and can appear in both the trauma victim and their child.

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Secondary Trauma can be passed down to your own kids.

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Children Who Experience Early Childhood Trauma Do Not 'Just Get Over It'

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AgePotential effects Infants | Needs for attachment disrupted
| Poor sleeping habits
| Eating problems
| Higher risk of physical injury
Preschool children | Lack feelings of safety
| Separation/stranger anxiety
| Regressive behaviors
| Insomnia/parasomnias
School-aged children | Self-blame
| Somatic complaints
| Aggressive behaviors
| Regressive behaviors
Adolescents | School truancy
| Delinquency
| Substance abuse
| Early sexual activity