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One of the original 13 colonies, New Jersey was an important battleground during the American Revolution. Located in the heart of the bustling Atlantic corridor and nestled between New York and Pennsylvania, New Jersey has the highest population density of any U.S. state. New Jersey was named for the island of Jersey in the English Channel. Its long and beautiful coastline has long made New Jersey a popular vacation destination, with over 50 seaside resort towns including Asbury Park, Atlantic City and Cape May. The state also boasts an impressive musical legacy-Bruce Springsteen, Jon Bon Jovi and Frank Sinatra all hail from New Jersey. It is known as industrial center, but earns its "Garden State" nickname-New Jersey is a leading producer of cranberries, blueberries and tomatoes.

Date of Statehood: December 18, 1787

Capital: Trenton

Population: 8,791,894 (2010)

Size: 8,723 square miles

Nickname(s): Garden State

Motto: Liberty and Prosperity

Tree: Red Oak

Flower: Violet

Bird: Eastern Goldfinch

Interesting Facts

One of the first Indian reservations in the United States was established in Burlington County in 1758 for the Lenni-Lenape tribe. The first and only reservation in New Jersey, the Brotherton Reserve was sold back to the state in 1801 by the remaining members of the tribe, who moved up north to join relatives in New Stockbridge, New York.

The first virtually complete dinosaur skeleton discovered in North America was unearthed in 1858 by William Parker Foulke in Haddonfield, New Jersey. The Hadrosaurus foulkii, as it was later named, proved that the existence of dinosaurs was real, and provided the shocking evidence that dinosaurs could be bipedal. In 1868, it became the first dinosaur skeleton in the world to be mounted on display.

The world's first boardwalk was constructed in Atlantic City in 1870 merely to reduce the amount of sand tracked into nearby hotels and railroad cars. As hotels, shops, restaurants and casinos sprouted up along the seaside, Atlantic City became one of the most popular tourist attractions in the United States. As of 2012, the boardwalk remains the longest in the world-stretching for six miles.

During the last quarter of the 19th century, Thomas Edison generated hundreds of inventions in his Menlo Park laboratory, including the phonograph, which recorded and played back sound, and an electric-powered railway. While most recognized for perfecting the incandescent light bulb using a bamboo filament and providing a system of distributing electricity on a mass scale, Edison was awarded more than a thousand patents during his lifetime on inventions large and small.

Salt water taffy, the popular bite-sized soft candy, originated on the Atlantic City Boardwalk in the 1880s.

Opening to traffic between New Jersey and New York on November 13, 1927, the Holland Tunnel became the first mechanically ventilated underwater tunnel. At its maximum depth, the tunnel lies roughly 93 feet beneath the Hudson River.

The "Crossroads of the Revolution," New Jersey was the site of more than 100 battles during the fight for American independence.

PHOTO GALLERIES

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One of the original 13 colonies, New Jersey was an important battleground during the American Revolution. Located in the heart of the bustling Atlantic corridor and nestled between New York and Pennsylvania, New Jersey has the highest population density of any U.S. state. New Jersey was named for the island of Jersey in the English Channel.

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Culture

Architecture

New Jersey Building Style
Building styles in the 13 colonies were influenced by techniques and styles from England, as well as traditions brought by settlers from other parts of Europe.
Dutch Colonial structures, built primarily in the Hudson River Valley, Long Island, and northern New Jersey, reflected construction styles from Holland and Flanders and used stone and brick more extensively than buildings in New England.

Dutch Colonial
Developed from around 1630 with the arrival of Dutch colonists to New Amsterdam and the Hudson River Valley in what is now New York and in Bergen in what is now New Jersey. Initially the settlers built small, one room cottages with stone walls and steep roofs, with little or no side overhang, to allow a second floor loft. Most buildings originally had entrance doors divided separately into upper and lower halves. By 1670 or so, two-story gable-end homes were common.
In the countryside of the Hudson Valley, the Dutch farmhouse evolved into a linear-plan home with straight-edged gables moved to the end walls. Around 1720, the distinctive gambrel roof was adopted from the English styles, with the addition of overhangs on the front and rear to protect the mud mortar used in the typically stone walls and foundations.

German Colonial
Developed after about 1675, when the Delaware River Valley area (Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware) was settled by immigrants from Sweden, Finland, Scotland, Ireland, Germany and several other northern European nations. The early colonists in this region adapted the "half-timber" style of construction then popular in Europe, which used a frame of braced timbers filled-in with masonry. The "bank house" was a popular form of home during this period, typically constructed into a hillside for protection during the cold winters and hot summers of the region.

Portrait of James II, Duke of York

Washington Crossing the Delaware painted by Emanuel Leutze

Diet

Agriculture
Farming was suited to the Middle colonies, to such an extent that they are often called the "breadbasket colonies" because they grew so many crops, especially wheat, but also included barley, oats, rye and corn. The Middle colonies raised crops such as corn, pumpkins, rye, squash and beans all of which were common types of colonial food. The crops raised for colonial food included: wheat, rice, barley, oats, rye corn pumpkin, squash, and beans.
Fruits and Vegetables
Many fruits and vegetables were brought from Europe, adding to the selection of foods in America. Some vegetables the colonists grew were potatoes, c abbage, c ucumber, s tring beans, b eans, s weet potatoes, t urnips, o nions, m ushrooms, c arrots, p arsnips, and l egumes.

Fruits included apples, q uince, p lum, p ear, p eaches, c herries, n ectarines, a pricots, p ineapple, c ranberries, g rapes, w ild strawberries, h uckleberries, b lackberries, r aspberries, m elons, w atermelon, and t omatoes.

Meat
Different types of fish eaten included cod, mackerel, halibut, sea bass, herring, flounder, hake, tuna, sturgeon, trout and salmon. These fish were gathered from the rivers and the ocean.
Game birds eaten were: turkeys, geese, partridge, quails, grouse, ptarmigans, prairie-chickens, and woodcock.
New Jersey colonists also brought domestic animals from Europe such as beef, pork, mutton, and chicken.
Other types of meat available included deer (venison), s quirrel, o possum, r abbit, h are, e lk, b ear, m ountain goat, c oyote, f ox, r accoon, p orcupine, w easel, and b eaver.

Daily Life

Clothing

Upper-class colonists wear expensive clothes of the European fashion, with materials consisting of silk, velvet, satin, and lace. Lower-class colonists wear the same style of clothing, but they are handmade; their dresses and breeches are made from linen, wool, and leather.

Men
Breeches
Most men wear breeches as their lower body garment. Worn by all levels of society, breeches are made in a variety of silks, cottons, linens, wool, knits, and leathers.
Coat
A coat is the uppermost layer of the dress attire, worn over the waistcoat and breeches.
Hat
There are many sorts of folded or cocked hats. While beaver felt is the preferred material, others, including wool and camel's down, are available.
Leggings
Since breeches come to just beneath the knee, a covering for the lower leg is useful for warmth and protection. Made of stout woolen or linen cloth or of leather, leggings are worn by the sporting gentleman, laboring man, and the military.

Neck Handkerchiefs, Cravats, Stocks Neck handkerchiefs are the most informal sort of neck-wear worn by sporting gentlemen, working tradesmen, and laboring slaves. They are usually made of linen, cotton, or silk, and can be in white, plain colors, woven checks and stripes, or printed patterns. The cravat is a narrow length of white linen that could be adorned on its ends with lace, fringe, or knots. A stock is the most formal neck-wear. It is made of fine white linen.
Shirt
The shirt is worn as a man's undergarment, covering the body from neck to knee. Most are made of white linen which can be very fine or very coarse. A laborer's shirt is sometimes made of unbleached linen or small patterned checks and stripes.
Shoes
Men's shoes are made in a great variety of styles and qualities. Most shoes are made from leather. Black is by far the most common color. While buckles are the primary mode of fastening, ties are also worn.

Stockings are worn by men and women, and are most often knit. Stockings of silk or cotton are generally white. Utilitarian stockings of linen and particularly worsted wool are seen in colors, mostly blue and gray. Coarse stockings for the low class and slaves are made of woolen or linen cloth.

Stockings Trousers are worn by middling tradesmen, laborers, sailors, and slaves. Trousers are made mostly of durable linens.

Waistcoats are made in all qualities of silk, cotton, wool, and linens. It can be embroidered, printed, brocaded, quilted, tasseled, silver or gold laced, and is generally the most elaborate article of men's dress. Trousers
Wigs
Wigs are made of human, horse, goat, or yak hair. Waistcoat

Women
Cap
The cap is worn by women and girls. It protects the hair from everyday dust and dirt so that the hair doesn't require frequent washing. The cap can be made of linen, cotton, or lace.
Cape
A protective outer garment made of either heavy or light fabrics of wool, cotton, or silk.
Cloak
A long, loose, unfitted, protective outer garment that is sometimes hooded, and usually made of a heavy woolen fabric.

A woman's dress usually consists of a gown and petticoat. The gown consists of the bodice and skirt joined together. Gown

Worn for fashion and for protection against the sun. Hats are usually made of chips or straw. Ladies' riding hats are often made of felt.
Hat Mob Cap
A mob cap is daily life head wear. It has a puffed crown, a deep flat border surrounding the face, and side pieces.

A woman's skirt-like garment worn with a gown or jacket. Under petticoats of linen, wool, or cotton were added for warmth.
Shift
Petticoat The shift is the undermost garment worn by children and women. It is made from various qualities of white linen.
Shoes
Shoes are made of silk fabrics, worsteds, or leathers. Depending on current fashions, they may or may not have had elevated heels. They fasten by buckles, clasps or ties.
Stays
An elongated tubular trunk, with little taper and encased the bosom. Frequently constructed in layers of linen with narrow strips of boning inserted within. The boning is either baleen, metal, wood, pasteboard, or pack thread. Their exteriors could be covered in fine silks, worsteds, or plain linens.

Children
Bed Gown
A long shapeless gown worn by babies is called a bed gown. They might be made of a variety of fabrics, especially prints, and might be pinned or tied.
Blanket Robe
A robe blanket is a garment without sleeves. Usually of a light wool, bound with ribbon and is wrapped about the baby for warmth.
Child's Gown
A back-fastening gown is worn by girls until about age twelve or fourteen, and by boys until age four to seven years. The gown most often resembles a woman's but those worn by boys sometimes resembled men's coats.
Clout
Made of linen diaper fabric and either pinned with straight pins or tied with tapes.
Infant's Shift
A miniature of the adult shift is worn by children (both boys and girls) as the undermost garment. Made in a variety of white linens, they are cut and constructed from rectangles and squares.
Stays
Stays are worn by children, both boys and girls, from the age of 18 months. The first stays a child wears are "soft" and are never tightly laced. By two or a little older, the stays would be of a heavy linen, boned with pack thread, reeds, wooden splints, or baleen. Boys wear them to age four to seven years old; girls for the rest of their lives.

Relationships with Native Americans

Early Relations
The New Jersey colonists had a hostile relationship with the Native Americans living there, the Lenni Lenape. When the Dutch colonists first came, a strained relationship was made, since the Native Americans had an ideal trading relationship with the colonists.

In February 25, 1643, the Dutch forced the Lenni Lenape on barren and desolate reservations. Dutch soldiers invaded the Lenni Lenape village and killed hundreds of men, women, and children.

English Colonists
However, the English took over shortly, and with them, came the idea of land ownership. This concept forever changed the lives of the Native Americans, who did not understand how land could be bought and sold like merchandise. The English colonists manipulated the Lenni Lenape and took much of their native land away. Many Lenni Lenape decided to leave, and the ones who stayed were faced with days full of pain and agony. By 1700, the once mighty population consisting of 2,000 men and women of the Lenni Lenape had dwindled down to a meager number of 500 natives.

Decline and Destruction
European invasion brought epidemic diseases such as tuberculosis, cholera, influenza, measles and smallpox. The Native Americans of New Jersey had not developed immunization against these diseases, resulting in huge losses in population. Exploitation including the leverage of taxes, enforced labor and enslavement were also major factors in the destruction of New Jersey Indian tribes.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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New Jersey Building Style Building styles in the 13 colonies were influenced by techniques and styles from England, as well as traditions brought by settlers from other parts of Europe. Dutch Colonial structures, built primarily in the Hudson River Valley, Long Island, and northern New Jersey, reflected construction styles from Holland and Flanders and used stone and brick more extensively than buildings in New England.

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From 1664 to 1702 the New Jersey Colony was divided into East Jersey and West Jersey. Each had their own constitution. The border was never firmly established and often in dispute.

In 1702 East Jersey and West Jersey became one royal colony. Its first governor was Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury, who proved to be corrupt.

After Lord Cornbury was sent back to England, the New Jersey Colony was ruled by New York's governor. It wasn't until 1738 that the New Jersey Colony separated from New York's government and adopted its own governor Lewis Morris.

Major towns in the New Jersey Colony included Princeton and Trenton.

The Middle Colonies had a warmer climate than the New England Colonies and had land that made agriculture and farming much easier.

The New Jersey Colony was not dominated by the Puritans like in the New England Colonies and had religious tolerance and freedom for its settlers. Settlers to the New Jersey Colony included Catholics, Jews, Lutherans, and Quakers.

Natural resources in the New Jersey Colony included agricultural land, forests (timber), iron ore, coal, and furs.

Major exports from the New Jersey Colony included livestock, rice, wheat, indigo, rice, grain and other agricultural products.

Iron ore was important to the New Jersey Colony. They used it to manufacture items to export to England such as tools, kettles, nails, plows, and nails. They also exported large chunks of iron to be manufactured into iron products elsewhere.

The New Jersey Colony was one of the colonies referred to as a 'breadbasket' colony because it grew so much wheat, which was ground into flour and exported to England.

A typical New Jersey Colony farm included a barn, house, fields, and between 50 and 150 acres of land.

The first state constitution in New Jersey was adopted on July 2 nd, 1776, after the American Revolution had already begun. This constitution gave women and blacks the right to vote if they met specific requirements, which helped avoid a complete collapse of its government.

The New Jersey Colony was located in such a position that it saw a lot of action during the American Revolution.

The New Jersey Colony became the 3 rd U.S. state of the original 13 colonies on December 18 th, 1787.

New Jersey is also referred to as the Garden State.

It wasn't until 1804 that New Jersey passed a law to gradually abolish slavery.

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The New Jersey Colony was one of America's original 13 colonies. The original 13 colonies were divided into three regions including the New England Colonies, the Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies. The New Jersey Colony was one of the Middle Colonies which also included the New York Colony, the Delaware Colony, and the Pennsylvania Colony.

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Their religions are catholic,Jews,Lutheran and awakens.

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Their religions are catholic,Jews,Lutheran and awakens.

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The farm includes barn’s,barn houses and a lot of fields.

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The farm includes barn’s,barn houses and a lot of fields.

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The culture was agrarian and rural.

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It was nicknamed the bread basket colony 

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It was nicknamed the bread basket colony 

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The New Jersey colony was named the Netherlands but nicknamed the breadbasket colony because it grew a lot of white that was grounded into flour and sent to England.

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New Jersey was founded by Sir George Carrteret. The date it was found was December 18, 1787. The NJ colony settled  in 1607.