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1. There are two types of accommodation speech theory which are Speech Convergence and Speech Divergence. Speech Convergence is a process in which speakers emphasise similarities between their speech and that of others. When people like the person they are talking to or wish to please them or put them at ease, their speech often becomes more similar while Speech Divergence is the ways in which speakers emphasise differences between their speech and that of others. When people do not like the person they are talking to or find them irritating, features of their speech often become more different.

2.
a) Radio 4
- use Mr
- use non contracted word which is was not instead of wasn’t
- use the word ‘ the ‘ as determiner for Foreign Secretary

b) Radio 1
- reduce the ‘ t ‘ letter on the word ‘ last ‘
- use contracted word which is wasn’t
- the word ‘t’ in the ‘ better ‘ being pronounce as ‘d’ (bedder)

c) Radio 4
- use non contracted word which is have not instead of haven’t
- use Detective as a title of the addressee

3. Stylisation is someone who goes beyond the usual ways of speaking and engages in a strong and high performance of acting and behaving.

* Example 1 : The comedians mostly would exaggerate their voice and intonation to make it sounds more funnier.

* Example 2 : Singers would have different pitching and note based on their own style and uniqueness.

* Example 3 : Actors also would change their intonation or voice to immitate or act according to the situation and scenario.

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IRDINA BINTI MOHD RIDZWAN (AM2007007085) 

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IRDINA BINTI MOHD RIDZWAN (AM2007007085) 

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1. There are two types of accomodation theory. The first one is called as 'Speech Convegence' whereas it is a process in which speakers emphasise similarities between their speech and the others. Additionally, when people like the person that they are talking to, they will tend to user the similarities in speech with that particular person so that they would feel comfortable. As for example, Irdina is from Terengganu and she usually speaks in 'Terengganu' dialect but when she is surrounds with her friends from another state for example Kuala Lumpur, she will speak with her friends by using 'Kuala Lumpur' dialect. The second one is called as 'Speech Divergence' whereas it is the opposite way of how 'Speech Convergence' works. It may happen when a person dislike or express the hatred against another speaker. Other than that, it is also used to distinguish that particular person from other people.

2. a) Radio 4
• The sentence use of determiner (The).
• The sentence use of 'Mr.'
• It doesn't use contracted word such as (wasn't) instead of (was not).

2. b) Radio 1
• The sentence use of Consonant Cluster that reduce the word last. (Las).
• The sentence use of Contraction (wasn't).
• It is pronouncing (t) as (d) when pronounce better.

2. c) Radio 4
• Do not use the Contracted word such as (Haven't) and instead use (Have not).
• It should've used and adress title "Detective".

3. Stylisation is when someone who goes beyond the usual ways of the speaking skills and engages in a strong and high performance of acting and behaving.

• First example is comedians. Usually, comedians will exaggerate their voices and the way they speak so it will be heard funnier by the audiences.

• Second example is singers. Usually, singers can be seen as multilingual because they have the ability to switch the style of their speaking skills to be matched with what they want to sing later on. Also, they can change the accent and dialect on their own according to the genre of the songs.

• Lastly, the actors and actresses. They usually can switch their language, style and traits according to the characters that they should have to act. They have to act as well as make the characters alive and natural.

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1) There are 2 types of accommodation theory.

a. SPEECH CONVERGENCE
Example: Ahmad has a friend named Abu, which is from Terengganu and Abu has a strong influence on his dialect which is Terengganu dialect. In order to make Abu comfortable with him, Ahmad starting to use Terengganu dialect whenever he is talking to Abu.

b. SPEECH DIVERGENCE
EXAMPLE: Mai is talking to her friend Named Mia which is from Kuala Lumpur. Meanwhile Mai is from Kedah and practice the north dialect for her daily conversation. Mai hates people who are from Kuala Lumpur. So, whenever she is talking to Mia, she tend to use Kedah dialect because she wants to distinguish herself with her friend, Mia.

2) The answer is...
(a) Radio 4. Clues:
- Use of the determiner 'the' before Foreign Secretary .
- Use of "Mr'' before David Miliband .
- Use of uncontracted 'was not' rather than 'wasn’t' .

(b) Radio 1. Clues:
- Consonant cluster reduction in word 'last' to 'las' .
- Use of familiar form 'Maggie' with
no title.
- Use of contracted form 'wasn’t' .
- Pronunciation of standard [t] as [d] inter-vocalically in the word "better" as "bedder".

(c) Radio 4 . Clues:
- Use of uncontracted 'have not' instead of "haven't" .
- No consonant cluster reduction in words like "latest" & "postbox" .
- Use of determiner before spokesman and full title with first name "Detective Superintendent Ray Huntley" .

3)  Someone goes beyond their usual ways of speaking and engages in a high or strong performance of acting or behaving.

EXAMPLE 1:
Shakira is a singer from Colombia. One of her song titled "waka waka'' is a proof that she can sing or speak multiple languages.

EXAMPLE 2:
Kevin Hard is a comedian from Hollywood that can imitates someone else's voices to make it more funny.

EXAMPLE 3:
Ty Burell is an actor from USA that does a voiceover for movie Finding Nemo as Bailey because his voice is suitable for cartoon character. He can switch his voice from sound serious which is how is he normally sounded to goofy.

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1. There are 2 types of accommodation theory:
-The first one is Speech Convergence, a process in which speakers emphasise similarities between their speech and that of others. When people like the person they're talking to, they tend to use their speech similar with the person they like to talk to so they would feel comfortable. For example, Liya is from Kedah, therefore she usually speak in Kedah dialect. But, when she's around her friends like in Kuala Lumpur, she speak with them in Kuala Lumpur dialect.
-Next, Speech divergence, ways in which speakers emphasise differences between their speech and and that of others. When people don't like the people they talk to or find them irritating, they tend to not talk in similar speech with them and talk differently. For example, If Liya had an argument with one of her classmate, like offending one of Liya's friend in Sarawak dialect, Liya will replied back to the person in Kedah dialect.

2. a) Radio 4
Clues:
-use of the determiner "the" before Foreign Secretary
-Usage of the title "Mr"
-Use of uncontracted was not rather than wasn't

b) Radio 1
Clues:
- usage of consonant cluster reduction "las"
-usage of contraction "wasn't"
- pronouncing "t" as "d' when saying the word "bedder"

c) Radio 4
Clues:
-no use of contracted words such as "haven't" and instead they use "have not"
- use an address title "detective"
-No consonant cluster reduction in words like "latest" and "postbox".

3. Stylisation is someone who goes beyong the usual ways of speaking and engages in a strong and high performance of acting and behaving.

-The first example is comedian like Jeff Dunham usually changes his voice intonation and pitch to imitate the doll that he holds during his show and even impersonate other people to attract people during his show. But he speaks in normal voice tone outside of his works.

-The second example is singer. Most singer sings differently depends on if they're singing in high pitch or lower pitch like Aurora, the singer of the song 'Runaway'.

- The second one is the singer, Shakira that produced the song "Waka Waka". She is multilingual in singing her music.

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1. There are 2 types of accommodation theory:
-The first one is Speech Convergence, a process in which speakers emphasise similarities between their speech and that of others. When people like the person they're talking to, they tend to use their speech similar with the person they like to talk to so they would feel comfortable. For example, Liya is from Kedah, therefore she usually speak in Kedah dialect. But, when she's around her friends like in Kuala Lumpur, she speak with them in Kuala Lumpur dialect.
-Next, Speech divergence, ways in which speakers emphasise differences between their speech and and that of others. When people don't like the people they talk to or find them irritating, they tend to not talk in similar speech with them and talk differently. For example, If Liya had an argument with one of her classmate, like offending one of Liya's friend in Sarawak dialect, Liya will replied back to the person in Kedah dialect.

2. a) Radio 4
Clues:
-use of the determiner "the" before Foreign Secretary
-Usage of the title "Mr"
-Use of uncontracted was not rather than wasn't

b) Radio 1
Clues:
- usage of consonant cluster reduction "las"
-usage of contraction "wasn't"
- pronouncing "t" as "d' when saying the word "bedder"

c) Radio 4
Clues:
-no use of contracted words such as "haven't" and instead they use "have not"
- use an address title "detective"
-No consonant cluster reduction in words like "latest" and "postbox".

3. Stylisation is someone who goes beyong the usual ways of speaking and engages in a strong and high performance of acting and behaving.

-The first example is comedian like Jeff Dunham usually changes his voice intonation and pitch to imitate the doll that he holds during his show and even impersonate other people to attract people during his show. But he speaks in normal voice tone outside of his works.

-The second example is singer. Most singer sings differently depends on if they're singing in high pitch or lower pitch like Aurora, the singer of the song 'Runaway'.

-The last example is Actors like Maria Naganawa the voice actor of the character 'Kanna Kobayashi', where she imitate the voice of a young girl to act as a young girl in the series.

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1.the two type of accommodation theory are speech convergence and divergence.

-speech convergence is a process where the speaker tries to find similarities with the native speaker they are talking to . Such as using the same intonation or slang in order to make the native speaker comfortable.

-speech divergence is the opposite way of how speech convergence works. It happen when a person dislike or express hate against another speaker.other than that it also used to distinguish the particular person from other people.

2.a. Radio 4
- the sentence use determiner(the)
-use of Mr
-does not use contracted word such as(wasn’t) instead was not

2.B. Radio 1
-the use of consonant cluster that reduce the word last las.
-use of contraction wasn’t
-pronouncing (t) as (d) when pronounce better

2.c. Radio 4
- do no use contracted word such as (haven’t) instead (have not)
The usage of address title detective

3. Stylization
-it is a term that describe a behavior when someone is speaking in an unusual way .such as high or strong performance of acting or bahaving.

-example 1 singer
Singer tend to use stylization in order to control their singing in way as controlling their pitch or voice.

-example 2 actor
Actor usually use stylization in order for them to feel or get in their character for drama or movie .

-example 3 comedian
Comedian use stylization in order to make their jokes funnier by making a deep or high voice intonation

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MUHAMMAD RIZAN FAWWAZ BIN ROHAIZAD (AM2007007074)

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MUHAMMAD RIZAN FAWWAZ BIN ROHAIZAD (AM2007007074)

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1. there are two types of accommodation theory the first one is speech convergence, it is the Process in which speakers emphasise similarities between their speech and that of others. When people like the person they are talking to or wish to please them or put them at ease, their speech often becomes more similar. for example: Ali is from Pahang but when he talk to his friend which from KL he will change it to KL dialect.

2.a) radio 4
-the use of the determiner "the"
-the use of "Mr"
-doesn`t use contracted word (was not)

b) radio 1
-use of consonant clusters reduction "las'"
-use of contraction (wasn't)
-pronouncing (t) as (d) when pronounce "better"

c) radio 4
-doesn't use contracted word (have not)
-use of determiner (the official police spokesman, detective superintendent Ray Huntley)

3. stylisation is when someone goes beyond their usual ways of speaking and engages with people in a high or strong performance such as acting

a) the first example is the comedian, the comedian often use stylisation by changing their tone of voice when they performing a show or comedic scene.

b) the second one is the singer, shakira that produced the song "waka waka" she is multilingual in music

c) lastly, actors can frequently adjust their linguistic style to fit the character they're portraying in order to make the character feel more real. For example, Tom Hardy which played two characters in the movie "venom"

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NUR IZNI NATASYA BINTI MOHD AZMAN (AM2007007681)

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NUR IZNI NATASYA BINTI MOHD AZMAN (AM2007007681)

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1. There are 2 types of accomodation theory which is Speech Convergence and Speech Divergence . Speech convergence is a process in which speakers emphasise similarities between their speech. For instance when people like the person that they are talking to or wish to please them or put them at ease, their speech often becomes more similar.  For example, Zack and Am is a friend that uses Pahang dialect and study at Kuala Lumpur. When they are in class, they will use Kuala Lumpur dialect to make others feel comfortable communicating with each other.

Next, Speech Divergence is way in which speakers emphasise differences between their speech and that of others. When people do not like the person they are talking to or find them irritating, the features of their speech often become more different. Speech divergence happens when a speaker deliberately chooses a language that is not used by one’s addressee. For example, Anis and  Qistina are schoolmates but Anis a person who use high linguistic frequency while Qistina’s linguistic profieciency are very low and not being able to understands Anis so well . The moment they are talking to each other, Qistina couldn’t understand Anis well and still questioning about what she talked.

2. a)

-Use of the determiner the before Foreign Secretary. Use of Mr before David Miliband. Use of uncontracted was not rather than wasn’t.

b)

-Clues: Consonant cluster reduction in word last. Use of familiar form Maggie with no title. Use of contracted form wasn’t, and colloquial phrase wasn’t much to write home about. Pronunciation of standard [t] as [d] inter-vocalically in better

c)

-Clues: Use of uncontracted have not. No consonant cluster reduction in words like latest, postbox. Use of determiner before spokesman and full title with first name Detective Superintendent Ray Huntley.

3. Stylisation is when someone goes beyond their usual ways of speaking and engages in a high or strong performance of acting or behaving. The first example is comedian, for instance a comedian Johan who is familiar as Johan Raja Lawak could change his personality when he’s at home with their kids and at comedy show . He’s proving that he could change his stylisation whenever he wants to attract everyone with his comedy.

- Other than that, the next example is a singer.   A malaysian singer name Yunalis Binti Mat Zara’ai, known professionally as Yuna. She used to stay at Malaysia but currently staying oversea and be able to sing English songs fluently despite growing up in Malaysia and fluently speak malay. She has an ability to sing Bella Ciao - La Casa De Papel which is Money heist’s song very well. It shows that the stylisation that she have can make her sing any song in different language.

- The last one is actors . Thomas James Kenny is an American actor and comedian. He is known for voicing the eponymous character in the Spongebob Squarepants Tv series. He uses all of his abilities to attract his audiences’ attention and it shows that he’s having a variety of characters when he’s not using spongebob’s voice in his real life.

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NUR LISA AMIRAH BINTI NORHASRI (AM2007007021)

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NUR LISA AMIRAH BINTI NORHASRI (AM2007007021)

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1. The two types of accommodation theory are speech convergence and speech divergence.

- Speech convergence is a process when speakers emphasize similarities between their speech and that of others. When people like the person they are talking to or wish to please the or put them at ease, their speech often becomes similar. For example, Syasya usually talks in Terengganu dialect because she is from Terengganu but when Syasya is talking to her friend who is from Kuala Lumpur, she will change to Kuala Lumpur dialect.

- Speech divergences are ways in which speakers emphasize differences between their speech and that of others. When people do not like the person they are talking to or find them irritating, features of their speech often become different. For example, if Syasya's classmate said something impolite to her in Kuala Lumpur dialect, Syasya will reply the same to her in Terengganu dialect as Syasya is from Terengganu.

2. a)  Radio 4:
- The sentence uses the determiner "the"
- Usage of the title "Mr"
- The sentence does not use contracted words like "wasn't" instead of "was not"

b) Radio 1:
- Usage of consonant clusters reduction "las."
- Usage of contraction "wasn't"
- Pronouncing "t" as "d"  when saying the word "bedder".

c) Radio 4
- Doesn't use contracted words such as "haven't" and instead use "have not"
- Uses an address title "detective"

3. Stylization is when someone goes beyond their usual ways of speaking and engages in high or strong performance of acting or behaving.

- The first example is comedians. Most comedians would exaggerate their voice and the way they speak so it would sound funnier to the audience.

- The second example is singers. Singers would have different accents/dialects when they talk, but sometimes some singers' accents/dialects changed when they sing.

- The third example is actors. Actors sometimes need to imitate different accents/dialects for certain roles or characters.

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1. The two types of accommodation theory are speech convergence and speech divergence.

- Speech convergence is a process when speakers emphasize similarities between their speech and that of others. When people  like the person they are talking to or wish to please them or put them at ease, their speech often becomes more similar. For example, Syuhada is from Kelantan and usually talks in Kelantan dialect but Syuhada will change to Kuala Lumpur dialect when she is talking with her friend Yus who is from Kuala Lumpur.

- Speech  divergences is ways in which speakers emphasize between their speech and that of others. When people do not like the person they are talking to or find them irritating , features of their speech often become more different. For example, Syuhada talks in Kelantan dialect with her friends so that the other person cant understand what they are talking about.

2.(a) Radio 4 :

- The sentence use determiner (The) before Foreign Secretary.
- Usage of the title "Mr"
- Doesn't use contracted words like (wasn't) instead of  "was not"

(b) Radio 1 :
- Use consonant cluster  reduction "las"
- The sentence also use of contraction (wasn't)
- They pronouncing "t" as "d" when they say the word "bedder"

(c) Radio 4 :
- Do not use contracted words  like (haven't) instead of " have not "
- Use the title address "detective"

3. Stylisation is when someone who goes beyond the usual ways of speaking and engages in a high or strong performance of acting or behaving.

- First example is comedians. Usually comedians would exaggerate their voice and pitch sound so that it will sound funnier.

- Second example is singers. A singer like Becky g is an example of multilingual person in music industry cause she can speak and singing in English and Mexican.

- The third example is actor. An actor like  Cillian Murphy from the series of Peaky Blinders can switch from American dialect to Britain dialect easily when he is acting.

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NUR SYUHADA BINTI ABDUL KARIM (AM2007007023)

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NUR SYUHADA BINTI ABDUL KARIM (AM2007007023)

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1. There are two types of accommodation theory which are speech convergence and speech divergence.

The first one is speech convergence. It is a process where speakers emphasize similarities between their speech and that of others. When people like the person they are talking to or wish to please them or put them at ease, their speech often becomes more similar. This process is called as Speech Accommodation. For example, Afiq is from Kedah and she usually use Kedah dialect in his daily conversation. When he talks with his friends from Kuala Lumpur, his friends are likely to change their KL dialect to Kedah dialect.

The second type is speech divergence. It allows speakers to emphasize differences between their speech and that of others. When people do not like the person they are talking to or find them irritating, features of their speech often becomes more difficult. For example, Yus is saying bad things to Nely but Yus will not use the same dialect as what Nely is using because she does not want Nely to understand what she is saying.

2. a) Radio 4
- The use of determiner "the" .
-The use of title "Mr" in the sentence.
-It does not use contracted word  such as (wasn't) instead of (was not).

2. b) Radio 1
-The use of consonant cluster reduction "las".
- The use of negative contraction "wasn't".
-The pronunciation of "t" is voiced as "d" from the word "better" to "bedder".

2. c) Radio 4
-Does not use contracted word such as "haven't" but instead they use "have not".
-No consonant cluster reduction in words like "latest" and "postbox".
-Use an address tittle "detective".

3. Stylisation is a term when someone goes out of their usual ways of speaking and engages in a high or strong performance of  acting or behaving.

The first example is comedians. Comedians uses stylisation to switch their usage of words to their audience to make a joke becomes funnier.

The second example is singers. A singer like Lisa from Blackpink applies stylisation in her singing career as she can sings in multilingual language.

The third example is for actor. An actor like Finn Cole can switch from American dialect to Britain dialect when he is acting.

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SARA SHERENA BINTI MOHAMAD ROSLAN (AM2007007377)

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SARA SHERENA BINTI MOHAMAD ROSLAN (AM2007007377)

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1. The 2 accomodation theory are speech convergence and speech divergence.
- Speech convergences is a  process in which speakers emphasise similarities between their speech and that of others. When people like the person they are talking to or wish to please them or put them at ease, their speech often becomes more similar. For examples, Zarina usually talk in Johor dialect because she is from Johor but when she meet up with her friends who are from Kuala Lumpur, she will change to a Kuala Lumpur dialect to fit in. Another example is when a teacher is teaching students who is in the primary school, teachers will use simpler words when teaching their students.
- Speech divergences is ways in which speakers emphasise differences between their speech and that of others. When people do not like the person they are talking to or find them irritating, features of their speech often become more different. For example, speaker A will talk in a standard form while speaker B speak in a vernacular but because of the dislike of speaker A towards speaker B, speaker A will not try to match speaker B ways of speaking in which they keep on using standard form. Another one is when is when the speaker tries to distinguish themselves from the adressee.

2.  a. Radio 4
- Usage of the determiner 'the'
- Usage of the title 'Mr.'
- Usage of  'was not' instead of 'wasn't'

b. Radio 1
- Usage of consonant clusters reduction 'las.'
- Usage of familiar form 'Maggie' with no title.
- Usage of contacted form 'wasn't'
- Pronouncing the word 't' as 'd' in 'bedder'

c. Radio 4
- Usage of contracted 'have not'
- No consonant cluster reduction in words like latest, postbox.
- Usage of determiner and full title as in Detective Superintendent Ray Huntley.

3. Stylisation is when someone goes beyond their usual ways of speaking and engages in a high or strong performance of acting or behaving.

a) Firstly, is when a comedians are speaking, they tend to use a style that will make their speech more exaggerated and funnier to the audience.

b) Secondly, is a singer. Most singers could be seen as multilingual and can switch and style the way of their speaking to match with what they want in their songs, for example singers like Shakira and Adele.

c) Lastly, are actors. Actors usually can switch and style their language according to the characters they have to act to make the characters much more real. Example is Robert Downey Junior who is an American actor that have played as Sherlock Holmes which is a British character.

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SITI KHADIJAH BINTI HISHAM (AM2007007121)

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SITI KHADIJAH BINTI HISHAM (AM2007007121)

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1. There are 2 types of accommodation theory:

- The first utterance is Speech Convergence. It is a process in which speakers emphasise the similarities between their speech and that of others. It happens when person A like person B, or when person A wants to make person B more comfortable around them so their speech becomes similar. For example: Ami starts to talk like their brother because they feel comfortable around him.
- The second utterance is Speech Divergence. It is a process in which speakers emphasise differences between their speech and that of others. When people do not like the person they're talking to or find them irritating, so they will distinguish their speech from that person. For example: Aaron starts using inside jokes with his co-workers to make James feel excluded from the group.

2.a Radio 4:
- The sentence uses the determiner "the"
- The address title "Mr." was used
- The sentence does not use contracted word like "wasn't" and instead use "was not"

2.b Radio 1
- consonants clusters usage were reduced to "las."
- usage of contraction "wasn't"
- pronouncing "t" as "d" when saying the word "bedder"

2.c Radio 4
- doesn't use contracted word such as "haven't" and instead use "have not"
- uses an address title "detective"

3. Stylization is when someone goes beyond their usual ways of speaking and engages in a high or strong performances of acting or behaving.

- The first example is comedians. Most comedians would exaggerate their voice and the way they speak so it would sound funnier to the audience.

- The second example is singers. Singers would have different accent/dialect when they talk, but sometimes some singers' accent/dialect changed when they sing.

- The third example is actors. Actors sometimes need to imitate different accent/dialect for certain roles or characters.

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1.

a. Speech convergence is a process in which speakers emphasize similarities between their speech and that of others. The speaker will try to match and adapt to the addressee's speech to make them feel more comfortable. Speaker will accommodate by converging their speech depending on the proficiency as their addressee. For example, when a teacher is teaching the students, she will only use simple words for the students to understand. Other than that, speakers converge the speech by selecting the code or variety that is most comfortable for their addressees. For example, Ahmad uses a Terengganu dialect as he is from Terengganu. However, when he is talking to his friend, Siti who is from Kuala Lumpur, Ahmad will change his Terengganu dialect to Kuala Lumpur dialect.

b. Speech divergence are ways in which speakers emphasize differences between their speech and that of others. Speaker will not match the addressee's speech and the addressee will have a hard time understanding. This happens when a speaker deliberately chooses a language not used by one’s addressee. For example, between a senior and a junior in a university, the senior will deliberately use some words that will make the juniors don't understand to make him look smarter. Another example is when students interviewed Welsh people. When the students ask them questions, the respondents deliberately diverged from the speech style, and even the language, of the person addressing them.

2.
a) Radio 4
Clues: Use determiner in their speech 'the', doesn't use negative contraction in speech 'was not', use title in speech 'Mr. David Miliband'

b) Radio 1
Clues: consonant cluster reduction (las'), negative contraction (wasn't), the pronunciation of [t] between
vowels is voiced so it sounds like a [d] (bedder), the determiner and title is deleted (Maggie Fetcher)

c) Radio 4
Clues: 'Have not' is not contracted, no CC reduction 'latest, postbox', use determiner and title of the police spokesman 'Detective Superintendent Ray Huntley'.

3.  Stylisation is when someone goes beyond their usual ways of speaking and engages in the high or strong performance of acting or behaving.

Example 1: Comedian
Most comedians will change their pitch levels or distinctive intonation to impersonate other people.

Example 2: Singers
Every singer has their own dialect so sometimes when they sing they will use a different dialect or accent. For example, Shakira is a Colombian, and when she sings her song 'Waka Waka' she uses various languages.

Example 3: Actors
For example, Tom Hardy is an actor and a voice actor too. When he is acting, he needs to change the usual way of how he speaks to suit the role that he is acting.

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Alya Faqihah binti Hasnul Hadi (AM2007007768)

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Alya Faqihah binti Hasnul Hadi (AM2007007768)

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1. There are two types of accommodation theory which are speech convergence and speech divergence.
a) Speech convergence is a process when speakers emphasize similarities between their speech  and that of others. When people like the person they are talking to or wish to please the or put them at ease, their speech often become similar. For an example, Sara usually talk in Perak dialect because he is from Perak but when Sara talking to her classmate in college, she would usually use Kuala Lumpur dialect to fit in.

b) Speech divergence is the opposite of speech convergence as it is emphasize on the difference of speech between speakers. People often use speech divergence with someone they dislike, so their speech will become different.  For an example, if Ali classmate said something rude to him in Kuala Lumpur dialect, Ali will replied the same back to him in Sarawak dialect as Ali is from Sarawak.

2. a) Radio 4
Clues
- the sentence use the determiner 'the'
- uses an address title 'Mr'
- does not use contracted word such as 'wasn't' but instead use 'was not'

b) Radio 1
Clues
- the usage of consonant clusters reduction 'las.'
-usage of contraction 'wasn't'
-pronouncing 't' as 'd' when saying 'bedder'

c) Radio 4
Clues
- does not use contracted word such as 'haven't' but instead use 'have not'
-uses an address title 'detective'

3. Stylization is when someone goes beyond their ususal way of speaking and engages with people in a high or strong performances such as acting.

a) The first example I could give are comedians. when comedians are speaking most of them use a style that make their speech more exaggerate and funnier to the audience.

b) The second example I could give are singers. Most singers we could see are multilingual and can switch and style it according of their song genre or stories.

c) The third and last example are actors. Actors usually switch and style their language according to the characters they have to act to make the characters more alive when they act.

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1. The two types of accommodation theory are speech convergence and speech divergence. Speech convergences is a process where the speaker emphasises similarities between their speech and that of others. When people like the person they are talking to or wish to please them or put them at ease, their speech often becomes more similar. For example, Alia usually speaks in Negeri Sembilan dialect but upon meeting her friends in KL, she makes sure to use KL dialect to fit in. Another example is when we’re being interviewed by someone, we often try to talk formally for the sake of making a good first impression on the interviewer.

The next accommodation theory is called speech divergence. It is a speech in which the speaker emphases differences between their speech and that of others. When someone isn’t fond of the person they are talking to or find them irritating, features of their speech become more different. For example, one does not put any effort in trying to match the addressee’s way of speaking or dialects in a conversation. Another example is when the speaker tries to distinguish themselves from the addressee.

2. a. Radio 4.

Clues: use of the determiner the before Foreign Secretary. Use of Mr before David Miliband. Use of uncontracted was not rather than wasn’t.

b. Radio 1.

Clues: Consonant cluster reduction in word last. Use of familiar form Maggie with no title. Use of contacted form wasn’t, and colloquial phrase wasn’t much to write home about. Pronunciation of standard [t] as [d] inter-vocalically in better.

c. Radio 4

Clues: use of contracted have not. No consonant cluster reduction in words like latest, postbox. Use of determiners before spokesman and full title with first name Detective Superintendent Ray Huntley.

3. Stylisation is when someone goes beyond their usual ways of speaking of speaking and engages in a high or strong performance of acting or behaving.

Example 1: Comedian

A comedian like Kevin Hart often changes his tone of voice whenever he’s in a show, in a comedic scene or trying to crack a joke. His usual way of speaking is much calmer yet in order to attract the crowd, he uses that specific tone for the particular reason.

Example 2: Singer

A singer like Shakira who produced the song “Waka Waka” is a clear indication that she’s a multilingual person in the music industry.

Example: Actor

An actor like Rowan Atkinson who played the role as Mr. Bean often switched his way of speaking and acting  to make the show more interesting despite his actual self in real life.

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Allyssa Arwina Binti Hassanul Faizal AM2007007081

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Allyssa Arwina Binti Hassanul Faizal AM2007007081

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1. The two types of accommodation theory are speech convergence and speech divergence. Speech convergences is a process where the speaker emphasises similarities between their speech and that of others. When people like the person they are talking to or wish to please them or put them at ease, their speech often becomes more similar. For example, Yasmie usually speaks in Kelantan dialect but upon meeting her friends in KL, she makes sure to use KL dialect to fit in. Another example is when we’re being interviewed by someone, we often try to talk formally for the sake of making a good first impression on the interviewer.

The next accommodation theory is called speech divergence. It is a speech in which the speaker emphases differences between their speech and that of others. When someone isn’t fond of the person they are talking to or find them irritating, features of their speech become more different. For example, one does not put any effort in trying to match the addressee’s way of speaking or dialects in a conversation. Another example is when the speaker tries to distinguish themselves from the addressee.

2. a. Radio 4.

Clues: use of the determiner the before Foreign Secretary. Use of Mr before David Miliband. Use of uncontracted was not rather than wasn’t.

b. Radio 1.

Clues: Consonant cluster reduction in word last. Use of familiar form Maggie with no title. Use of contacted form wasn’t, and colloquial phrase wasn’t much to write home about. Pronunciation of standard [t] as [d] inter-vocalically in better.

c. Radio 4

Clues: use of contracted have not. No consonant cluster reduction in words like latest, postbox. Use of determiners before spokesman and full title with first name Detective Superintendent Ray Huntley.

3. Stylisation is when someone goes beyond their usual ways of speaking of speaking and engages in a high or strong performance of acting or behaving.

Example 1: Comedian

A comedian like Kevin Hart often changes his tone of voice whenever he’s in a show, in a comedic scene or trying to crack a joke. His usual way of speaking is much calmer yet in order to attract the crowd, he uses that specific tone for the particular reason.

Example 2: Singer

A singer like Shakira is a clear indication that she’s a multilingual person in the music industry.

Example: Actor

An actor like Rowan Atkinson who played the role as Mr. Bean often switched his way of speaking and acting  to make the show more interesting despite his actual self in real life.

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Ammar Alfian bin Abdul Sattar AM2007007269

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Ammar Alfian bin Abdul Sattar AM2007007269

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1.There are two types of the accommodation theory, the first being "speech convergence" and the other is "speech divergence". Speech convergence is a process where a speaker finds any similarities with a the person they are speaking with and adjusts the way they speak with them. This theory could be used effectively with people who has different social backgrounds or proficiency. For an example if a teacher is talking to a student proficiency, they might use simpler terms in order for the student to feel for comfortable when speaking. The second example I can give is, when a subordinate wants to talk to their higher-ups, they tend to speak in a more proficient way in order to sound more polite and professional.

Speech divergence on the other hand is the opposite of speech convergence as speech divergence emphasizes on the difference of speech between speakers. Speech divergence usually happens when a speaker dislikes the person they are talking to, or the speaker might find the other person to be irritating. Besides that, this theory is also used to distinguish oneself from the people they are talking to. Thus meaning speech divergence expresses that features of their speech becomes different when talking to someone or people they dislike. For an example, if a person is talking to a stranger and the stranger is making rude comments about them, the person might change the way they speak to escape the conversation. Moreover a person could talk to their subordinates or juniors in a highly proficient way to distinguish themselves from their subordinates.

2.a. Radio 4
-The sentence uses the determiner "the"
-Uses an address tittle "Mr"
-Does not use contracted words such as "wasn't" instead the sentence uses "was not"

2.b. Radio 1
-The usage of consonant cluster reduction "las' "
-Usage of contraction "wasn't"
-Pronouncing "t" as "d" when saying "better"

2.c. Radio 4
-Does not use contracted words such as "haven't" instead the sentence uses "have not"
-Uses an address tittle "detective"

3.Stylisation is a term used when someone goes beyond their usual ways of speaking and engages in high or strong performance of acting or behaving.

The first example I could give are comedians. Comedians uses stylisation to switch the way they speak to further exaggerate or to make a joke to be funnier.

The second example I could give are singers. Singers uses stylisation in order to control the pitch of their voices and changing their accent, they do this to make the song sound more appealing.

The final example are actors, actors have to use stylisation in order to 'get into' the character.

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Hello ! Here are the questions for our topic. Please answer all of the questions given and best of luck !

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Hello ! Here are the questions for our topic. Please answer all of the questions given and best of luck !

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1. Describe 2 accommodation theory and two examples of each.

2.  Which of the following sentences would have been most likely to have been produced by a newsreader on high-brow BBC Radio 4, as opposed to a newsreader on Radio 1, a popular music station aimed at young people. What linguistic clues can you identify?

(a) Despite repeated efforts to contact him, the Foreign Secretary, Mr David Miliband, was not available for comment this morning.

(b) The las’ time Maggie Fatcher visited Australia the weather wasn’t much to write home about. This time it’s been much bedder according to reports from Sydney.

(c) Enquiries have not yet provided any new leads in the investigation of the latest postbox robbery, according to the official police spokesman, Detective Superintendent Ray Huntley.

3. Explain in your own way the meaning of stylisation and give your own three examples of how it is used.

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NUR QASDINA IMAN BINTI MOHAMAD RUSLI (AM2007007376)

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NUR QASDINA IMAN BINTI MOHAMAD RUSLI (AM2007007376)

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1. The two accommodation theory are:

a) Speech convergence is a process in which speakers emphasise similarities between their speech and the addressee’s speech style. Meaning, speakers will try to match the addressee speech so that their speech will sound similar. Thus, it will make the addressee more comfortable. For example, Ali usually speaks in the Penang dialect because he’s from Pulau Pinang. However, when meeting his friends from Kuala Lumpur, he will use Kuala Lumpur dialect to fit in.

b) Speech divergence is how speakers emphasise differences between their speech style and the addressee’s speech style. People often use speech divergence with someone they do not like, so their speech will sound different. For example, Lord Huntly use RP(Received Pronunciation) when talking to Mr Brown as he refuses to use the same dialect as Mr Brown, causing him not to understand what Lord Huntly is saying.

2. Answers:

a) Radio 4.

Clues:

- The use of determiner ‘the’ before ‘Foreign Secretary.’

- They did not use negative contraction ‘wasn’t’, but instead used uncontracted ‘was not’.

- Use of title of ‘Mr David Miliband’.

b) Radio 1.

Clues:

- usage of consonant clusters reduction ‘las.’

- Use of familiar form ‘Maggie’ with no title.

- Use of negative contraction ‘wasn’t’.

- The Pronunciation of [t] is voiced as [d] in the word ‘better’ to ‘bedder’.

c) Radio 4.

Clues:

- The uncontracted ‘have not.’

- No consonant clusters reduction in words like ‘latest’ and ‘postbox.’

- The use of determiners before ‘spokesman’ and use of full name title ‘Detective Superintendent Ray Huntley’.

3. Stylisation is when someone goes beyond their usual ways of speaking and engages with people in a high or strong performance such as acting.

a) A comedian like Harith Iskander usually changes his voice intonation and pitch to impersonate other people or attract the crowds during his stand-up comedy. However, he usually speaks in a much calmer manner outside his works.

b) Most singers are bi or multilingual, so they can sing in a different language. For example, Shakira, the producer and singer of the song ‘Waka Waka’.

c) Actors like Tom Hardy, famous for the movie ‘Venom’, can switch his voice from a calm, not-so-deep voice to very a deep voice when he’s in the character of Venom. Actors constantly change their way of speaking when acting to get in their character.