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Harry Hopkins was born on August 17th, 1890 in Sioux City, Iowa (Encyclopedia Britannica, inc., 2021). Hopkins worked as a social worker in New York City during the 1920s; He was appointed by the then New York governor, Franklin Roosevelt, in 1931 as the executive director of the New York State Temporary Emergency Relief Administration (TERA) (Encyclopedia Britannica, inc., 2021). TERA was established by Roosevelt to address the economic depression resulting from the 1929 stock market crash (Encyclopedia Britannica, inc., 2021).

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In 1932, Franklin Roosevelt and the Democrats had a sweeping victory after three Republic predecessors, the Americans gave the Democrats the chance to address the suffering they experience due to the Great Depression (Jansson, 2015, p. 212). Once Roosevelt took his position as president in 1933, Roosevelt brought Hopkins in to be one of his closest advisors and sit as the head administrator for the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (Encyclopedia Britannica, inc., 2021).

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Hopkins, Perkins, Senator Robert Wagner, and Roosevelt, worked towards legislation that would not allow the corruption of patronage to take place; each state was required to establish a state commission apart from their existing welfare systems, state commissions were then required to establish offices in the various counties, make uniform eligibility requirements for the whole state, federal officials had a say in high-level appointments and required the use of social workers in supervisory roles (Jansson, 2015, p. 217). If corruption or patronage was discovered, the government could take the State program over (Jansson, 2015, p. 217).

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4) Hopkin's Ideology and Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

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4) Hopkin's Ideology and Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

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As head of FERA, Hopkins knew that many State and local poor laws penalized able-bodied individuals for not working, which is 1933 when FERA was established, able-bodied US citizens were in dire need of welfare (Jansson, 2015, p. 216-217). It was commonplace for private agencies to do intensive pre-screen to determine people's eligibility for aid, which would be unproductive due to the tens of millions in need of aid due to an economic crash outside of their control  (Jansson, 2015, p. 217). Hopkin's knew to avoid corruption and patronage, Federal regulation would be required; trained social workers in supervisory positions would enhance professionalism in the welfare services and provide appropriate services to those in need (Jansson, 2015, p. 217).

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The new Federal legislation Hopkins and others developed authorized $500 million in federal aid to those in need with a one to three match for funds, and another  $250 million was for States that proved they lacked funds (Jansson, 2015, p. 217). Although FERA was intended to only assist unemployed people, some states used FERA funds to support poor workers that could not sustain themself on their wages; FERA also funded and ran camps for transients, helped college students with loans, funded cooperatives among farmers, and purchased more than 1 million acres of land for resale to tenant farmers (Jansson, 2015, p. 217).

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Encyclopedia Britannica, inc. (2021). Harry L. Hopkins. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved October 3, 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Harry-L-Hopkins.

History.com Editors. (2017, July 13). Works progress Administration (WPA). History.com. Retrieved September 24, 2021, from https://www.history.com/topics/great-depression/works-progress-administration.

Jansson, B. S. (2015). Brooks/Cole Empowerment
Series: The Reluctant Welfare State (8th ed.).
Cengage Learning.

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8) Role in FRD Administration During WWII

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8) Role in FRD Administration During WWII

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Roosevelt’s attention from the Great Depression and unemployment shifted due to World War II, which Roosevelt placed Harry Hopkins in charge of the Department of Commerce in 1938 for Hopkins to develop plans to build military equipment (Jansson, 2015, p.236). By the 1941, unemployment declined significantly due to the employment needs of the rearmament industries for the war effort (Jansson, 2015, p. 237). During World War II, Hopkins’ responsibilities also entailed visiting London and Moscow to discuss assistance and military strategies (Britannica.com, 2021). In 1941, Hopkins was also appointed to head the lend-lead program to aid Allies in the war effort, and was a member of the War Production Board and the Pacific War Council (Encyclopedia Britannica, inc., 2021).

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7) Successes of Harry Hopkins' Work Programs

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7) Successes of Harry Hopkins' Work Programs

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Hopkins continued to work closely with Roosevelt, maintaining his position as head of FERA which is included programs like the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Public Works Administration (PWA), Civilian Works Administration (CWA), and later CWA was replaced by the Works Progress Administration (WPA) (Jansson, 2015, p.218-219). The WPA put nearly 8.5 million people to work over the 8 years it existed (History.com Editors, 2017). The program Hopkins headed employed mostly unskilled workers and was responsible for building 4,000 new schools, 130 new hospitals, laid about 9,000 miles of storm drains and sewer lines, 29,000 new bridges, constructed 150 new airfields, paved or repaired 280,000 miles of roads, and planted 24 million trees (History.com Editors, 2017).

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9) Final Thoughts on Harry Hopkins Lasting Impact for Social Workers

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9) Final Thoughts on Harry Hopkins Lasting Impact for Social Workers

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Harry Hopkins' work as a social worker was vital in the construction of successful work aid programs in Roosevelt's New Deal programs. Hopkins used his skills as a social worker and advocated for social workers be put in high-level positions to adequately and professional provide services to those in dire need. Without the work Hopkins' carried out with Roosevelt, many people would have been left destitute and left without work during the Great Depression. Harry Hopkins showed the American people that social policy advocacy was vital to address the needs of marginalized groups, paving the way for trained social workers to have a place in politics.

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6) Hopkins Moving Towards Work Based Aid

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6) Hopkins Moving Towards Work Based Aid

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Hopkins heard out criticisms of FERA holding back able-bodied individuals from working, and FERA funds encouraging employers to pay poor employees to lower wages who utilized the funds; by the summer of 1933, both Hopkins and Roosevelt agreed that a works program would be more beneficial to the American citizens in need (Jansson, 2015, p.218). Harry Hopkins' assistant, Aubrey Williams, proposed FERA funds be used to implement a works program instead of giving out cash payments (Jansson, 2015, p. 218). Roosevelt agreed with Williams' idea and used an executive order in 1933 establishing the Civilians Work Administration (CWA) (Jansson, 2015, p. 218) Work projects would be developed by local FERA staff that coordinated with local governments (Jansson, 2015, p. 218).