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genotype on top, moves downward.
genotype on the side moves sideways into the row.

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Homozygous: it means you have two of the same allele.
either you have two of the dominant allele or two of the recessive allele
Ex: RR or rr

Heterozygous: you have two different versions of the allele. One is dominant and one is recessive.
Ex: Rr

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A dominant allele: is overpowering!! if you have the dominant allele in your genotype, your phenotype will always show the trait of the dominant allele.

ex: you have an allele for brown eyes and an allele for blue eyes in your genes. You have both in your genes!!! BUT you will have brown eyes.

A recessive allele: is dominated by the dominant allele. your phenotype will only show the recessive trait if both alleles you have are for the recessive trait.

ex: You have an allele for blue eyes from your mom, and an allele for blue eyes from your dad. You have blue eyes. This is the only way you will have blue eyes.

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Genotype: genetic material or a gene.

Phenotype: Your actual physical trait.

Imagine you are speaking to someone with brown hair.

if you ask "what is your genotype for hair color?", the person might respond: "Bb" of "BB"

if you ask "what is your phenotype for hair color?", the person will respond: "brown hair"

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What's up with the UPPERCASE and lowercase letters??

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What's up with the UPPERCASE and lowercase letters??

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An uppercase (or CAPITAL) letter represents a dominant allele

A lowercase letter represents a recessive allele.

Alleles: different versions of a gene.

Think: there are a lot of shoe brands (Adidas, Nike, Fila, Vans) but they are all still shoes. The gene is shoe brand, the alleles are Adidas, Nike, Fila, and Vans.

In humans, the gene is for hair color, and the alleles are brown hair, blonde hair, red hair, etc...