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AGENDA - What is on the agenda of development? Where are gaps and necessities of development?

DEPENDENCE - To what extent is Indonesia dependent and relying on development support? Would they put in a higher effort to develop their own country? Help to sustain themselves?

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Sufficiency Economy: A local Thai alternative development paradigm which has been enshrined in the Thai constitutions since 2006 and plays a central role in Thai political discourse since the Asian Crisis in 1997

Greenwashing: Authoritarian concept that has been used differently over the time.  "enlightened authoritarianism".

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ACTORS - Who are relevant actors in Indonesia? Who are international development actors? Who is active in the Indonesian government in this sector?

ACCESS - How is the access to Indonesia for foreign / international organisations? It is not open to international organisations but very controlled by the government. Which organisations get access and what do they focus on?

FINANCE - Where does the money come from?

MILITARY - What is the role of the military? Does it have a strong influence? How large is its field of action?

LOCAL - What is the agenda of local and grass root organisations? What do they try to tackle?

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TERMINOLOGY - Is it development cooperation? Is it international relations? Is it the status of development of Indonesia itself?

MEASURE - How can we measure development of a country at all?

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"Peoples’ opinions – so the argument goes – cannot be trusted, because theirviews are seen as having ‘internalised the developer’s perception of what they need’" (S.2) vs. "Against thebackground of the global rise of new authoritarianism, it will be crucial to bring thetwo debates – development alternatives and democracy – together." (S.22)

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RELIGION - Bigger Muslim population than in any other country. Very different from Arabic Muslim religious understanding. Different influences from other religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, etc.

ISLANDS - Largest island state. Huge and vast country in terms of area.

URBAN RURAL - Huge gap between urban and rural spaces. Bali vs. all other 17000 islands. On Java lives more than half of the population of whole Indonesia (130 out of 240 million).

CONFLICT - Protracted conflicts i.e. Aceh. Development organisations with focus on conflict resolution.

GERMANY - Indonesia is underrepresented in news coverage in Germany.

DIVERSITY - Huge variety of ethnicities / minorities, 800 languages, many dialects. - "United in Diversity"

BALI LOOK - Difficult to overcome the Bali impressions of Instagram and YouTube when thinking about the whole of Indonesia. Especially about challenges and difficulties that are there, too.

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How are Gender dynamics in Indonesia?

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Political representation - how are minority groups represented in politics?

How united/divided is the political landscape?

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Huge source of social inequality. How does religion intervene in politics? This is directly linked to development and to overcoming inequalities.

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What kind of school systems are there in Indonesia? What is the basic foundation that they learn about the world and their country. #self-identification

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WESTERN PERSPECTIVE - What do we as Westens think what should be developed? It depends on the groups who look at it.

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INTERESTS - What are strategic and economic interests by foreign countries?

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What are main (ethnic) conflicts in Indonesia? Who are the actors involved and what is at stake? - Independence movements? Inner colonisation. Internally displaced people (IDPs).

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Floods, tsunamis, earthquakes, etc. have a strong impact on the population, e.g. poverty. How does link to development and international cooperation?

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COLONIAL - Colonial history - Indonesia itself colonialised islands in order to expand their territory. Inner colonisation.

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Phase I - Asia Crisis 1997. Establishment of Sufficiency Economy

Phase II - 2006, Tool against conservative elite and Prime Minister - meaning completely new defined. Co-opting of grassroot initiatives. Changed to neo-liberal austerity.

Phase III - 2010/2011, Sufficiency Economy used as ideology of an open authoritarian politial project - Coup d'État 2014, Establishment of non-democratic regime

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Grassroot development alternatives in Thailand

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Grassroot development alternatives in Thailand

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Radical farmers' movements

Buddhist development alternatives

The community culture school

The royal concept of alternative development

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Thailand today regime of fascist regimes in 1930s - Internal: Post-Development inspired alternative model. External - Commitment to SDGs.

Crucial to bring development alternatives and democracy together.

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Empirical basis: Regular fieldwork trips to Thailand (2005 - 2014). Interviews with activists (Redshirt + Yellowshirt political camps during mobilisation and public demonstrations. Interviews with rural movement activists, activists of global justice movement

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Research has close connection to King Bhumipol Adulyadet (Kind of Thailand - 1947-2016) - 15 years of prison for disrespectful words against the king. High threat of military regime - strict anonymisation of all interview data.

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IDC: International development cooperation is not the only way - many local grassroot initiatives take action and know the context much better.

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Thai National Council for Peace and Order - no ordinary military regime. Very different from military junta or from Egypt or other military regimes. Despite being built on remembrance of fascist regimes in Europe in the 1930s, it is founded internally on a post-development inspired alternative model - externally on commitment to SDGs.

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• Asian Crisis
• Which concepts are the same for Indonesia?

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Discourse around SDGs (G77 Developing Nations, inside UNDP, De-Growth Conference) has no emphasis on democratic questions. In rise of new authoritarianism, it will be crucial to bring both debates together.

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We are the reference point - Everything else is considered alternative. Alternative development concepts stem from the countries themselves. Focus on the "We" instead of the "I" and focus on humanity and togetherness.