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Maximillian Tan (Cerebral Palsy)

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-Part-time para-athlete. First  para-riding competition in 2006 in Melbourne Australia

-Diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy since birth.

-Started therapeutic riding at 7

-Aspire to work in creative arts because of his love for singing & acting.

-Gives motivational talks in free time about living life to the fullest.

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-Cerebral Palsy is a motor impairment that results from a lesion or trauma to the developing the brain that affects the brain's ability to control movement and posture.
- Neurological condition, affecting one's ability to move, maintain balance & posture
- Most common motor & movement disability in childhood
- This impairment is not contagious, fatal, inherited or disease, rather it is a term to describe manifestations of observed motor characteristics and movement control problems.
-It can also be described as a group of conditions that originate in infancy and are characterized weakness, paralysis, lack of coordination and motor functioning, poor muscle tone related to the motor control center of the brain.

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- A brain damage or abnormal development of the brain that occurs in a developing fetus or during birth
- Affects one's ability to control his/her muscles

Congenital Cerebral Palsy
- condition when a baby develops cerebral palsy before or during birth

Acquired Cerebral Palsy
- condition where the disorder develops at least 28 or more days after the baby is born

Brain Malformation, Brain Damage
- brain developing abnormally
- can occur at any time during fetal development

Maternal Infections
- infections developed during pregnancy can lead to brain damage of the developing baby if not properly detected and treated, increasing the risk of cerebral palsy

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IN BABIES:
-Low muscle tone
-Muscle spasm & stiffness
-Poor reflexes, muscle control and posture
-Delayed FMS development
-Unable to hold up their head when lying prone.

IN CHILDREN:
-Most are not able to walk properly till 12 to 18 months
-Unable to speak simple sentences till 24 months

IN ADULTS:
-Muscle weakness
-Stiff muscles
-Paralysis
-Involuntary spasms in hands, arms or legs
-Face and tongue twitching
-Floppy limbs
-Difficulty swallowing
-Loss of muscle tension at rest (Muscle tone).

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Currently there is no known cure for Cerebral Palsy, but there are treatments available to help patients live a full life.

PHYSICAL THERAPY
-Muscle training to help strength, flexibility, mobility, balance and motor development. Braces or splints are recommenced to help with walking and stretching of stiff muscles.

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
-Helps patient gain independence in school, community and home daily routines and activities.

RECREATIONAL THERAPY
-Constant exposure and introductions to new sports and physical activities can help improve patient's motor skills, speech and emotional well-being

MEDICATION
-There are medications to help lessen muscle tightness which doctors prescribes to patients.

SURGICAL PROCEDURES
-In severe cases when other treatments has no effect, surgery can be performed to cut nerves serving the spastic muscles. This relaxes the muscles and reduces pain but could lead to numbness in the body.

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Assertive aids and organisation to encourage person with the disabilities to participate in physical activity [Kayathiri] (7)

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Assertive aids and organisation to encourage person with the disabilities to participate in physical activity [Kayathiri] (7)

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Assertive aids;
- Orthotic devices: provides support and stability

-  This prevents from; hip and knee dislocation, spastic movement , inward and outward angled feet

-  Power scooters; a four-wheeled scooter that will provide more comfort for CP patients such as head and neck support. Able them to travel independently using that device.

Organizations;
-  American Association of Adapted Sports Programs; works with school and communities to develop adaptive sports program and sets the standard for how to include all CP students.

- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Singapore School; special education school for the CP patients/students to develop on their physical education, academic, arts, social-emotional and daily living.

By participating in physical activities, it will show better improvement in their condition, they will be able to maintain motor skills and will be a training for their body to give them strength and flexibility. Also it will able them to stay active and improve on their mental and physical well-being.

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Context-related factors

Attitude
- Some people might look down and underestimate people with cerebral palsy, thinking they are not able to do much actions and unable to be independent, let alone being able to speak up for themselves. Preconceived views of others has led to discrimination of people with cerebral palsy or with a disability in general.
Strategies:
- can expose people to information include educational presentations, or like educational programs it must be positive and emphasize the people as individuals instead of a group of people with medical conditions.
-Simulation activities can help to increase awareness and information about disability. These simulations allow others to experience an ability difference through the use of special equipment and instruction. It shows that it is effective in changing attitudes of others towards people with disabilities in physical activity settings.
Labelling and Language
- some people may associated  people with ideas and assumptions about disabilities and generalized them. Sometimes some labels can be hurtful.
Strategies: To foster acceptance and respect is changing the language we choose and the uniqueness of each individual.

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How does this affects C.A.M.P [Tavis] (9)

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How does this affects C.A.M.P [Tavis] (9)

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MOTOR:
-Since Cerebral Palsy causes the muscle weakness floppy limbs and low muscle tones, Movements involving certain levels of muscular strength or muscle tension would be hard to perform.

PHYSICAL:
-Cerebral Palsy is due to the cerebral motor cortex (outer layer of the brain) which is used to direct muscle movements either not developed normally during fetal growth or being damaged or injured after birth. This causes the nervous system not being able to relay signals properly to the voluntary skeletal muscles leading to muscular side effects mentioned in the symptoms section.

COGNITIVE:
-Cerebral Palsy does not directly affect the patient's cognitive abilities in anyway.

AFFECTIVE:
-While Cerebral Palsy affects the  patient's bodily movements, there is no direct affect on their consciousness or mental state. That being said they are fully aware of their condition and that they are different from others.  In serious cases, the individual can be in a state of denial or disbelief of their state of health (Why must it be me of all people?) this can lead to depressive emotions, anxiety and uneasiness adding stress and frustration to their daily lives.

-Due to them being more vulnerable to injuries in certain sports or unable to perform certain movements like most people, this could lead to withdrawal from events or activities and leaning more toward isolation in fear of being judged, outcasted or looked down on. This can greatly affect their social health in a negative way if not dealt with properly.

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The individual education program [Umar]  (8)

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The individual education program [Umar]  (8)

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1) Muscle stretching:
-Relieve the tighten muscles
-Prevent abnormal positions
-Enhance the development of coordination and voluntary control
2) Neuromuscular reeducation exercise:
-Increase the awareness of the body positions
-Increase movement of the body
3)Tonic exercise:
-Chances to prevent muscles waste away
-Maintain the quality of organic efficiency
4)Postural alignments
-Maintain the position and the structure of the muscles
5)Body mechanics and lifting techniques:
-Obtain the full potential of the large muscle groups of the body
6) Proprioceptive facilitation exercises:
-Overcome paralysis of the motor units of a muscle
7) Ramp Climbing
-Improve the person's walking and balance without any assertive aids
8) Progressive and resistive exercise:
-Strengthening the muscles

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Barriers that could be encounter [Cerebral Palsy] [shannon] (11)

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Barriers that could be encounter [Cerebral Palsy] [shannon] (11)

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Person related factors:
Self-efficacy & Motivation, Perceived value, Perceived Risk.
Self-efficacy and motivation:
-They may faced times where they lack the motivation to participate in the a physical activity due to the individual with disability think that due to the special circumstances they have they can't do the activity the same as others.
- strategies: The activities can be modified and designed to wide range of skill level activities that has challenges and success planned so that everyone has the chance to be involved in the physical activity.
-Perceived value:
-The participants in the event sometimes find the event not meaningful and devalue the experience of the physical activity. Resulting with people avoiding or showing no enthusiasm with the physical activity.
strategies:
- Programme activities can be designed to be derived by meaningful goals and objectives for the participant. For like the paralympics it is designed based on their various disabilities and allows them obtain their goals and the
objective of the event.
Perceived Risks:
-Individuals with varied abilities, can further complicated due to the symptoms related to medical condition/ increase energy demands to participate in activity. Then they believe that the  risk of physical activity exceed the benefits. like due to own perceived limitations resulted not participating in the physical activity.
Strategies:
-The exercise and fitness practitioners could share guidelines from organisation about the healthy and appropriate activity. Describing the nature of physical activity and the set guidelines for best practice. Organization can also offer information regarding essential components of quality physical education programs, how it should be developed or implement.
- Participants can also observe and speak to participants facing the same disabilities or concerns, through conversation they will learn that their fears are based more on fiction and misinformation than on fact, and they will learn that physical activity modifications and accommodations will prevent injury & allow equal participation and promote a safe and enjoyable experience.