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A picturesque village in the foothills of the Western Ghats, Payyanadam features a unique experience for an explorer visiting for the first time. A holiday in Payyanadam will have everyone yearning for a second visit. Travelers get to  experience a different walk of life, a more simple lifestyle that is sure to take them back to their roots.
-P R Vyshakh
AM.EN.U4MEE19026

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Laden with fields as far as the eye can see, ponds, streams and much more Payyanadam is a fertile land to the farmer. Agriculture is also the main source of income to most of the working class men. Farmers may not have access to the most modern technology, but they use the resources available in such creative ways that would surprise others.
Tractors are employed to plough the land and the seeds for the crops, predominantly rice and wheat. Water for the farmlands are drawn from a nearby stream through channels. In places where the farmlands are far off, wells are the primary source of water. Motors and pump systems are used to evenly irrigate the crops. The climate is usually favorable for the growth of the crops. A majority of the farmers use home-made fertilizers and pesticides. Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are not unheard of but scarce. The womenfolk play a key role in the harvest of the crops , which are then consolidated and sold to dealers and the profits split equitably.
P R Vyshakh
AM.EN.U4MEE19026

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Terrace farming: Source of income of Hillside farmers in Payyanadam Village

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Terrace farming: Source of income of Hillside farmers in Payyanadam Village

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The original inhabitants of Palakkad, the tribes, had complete autonomy. They were eventually forced into the hills and jungles by the more powerful people. The ones who learned to till the land and sow seeds were the rest. They were enslaved by the newcomers because they were unwilling to quit their land. As a result of their isolation, several of them came to live  in a hostile environment by a simple substance like gathering food, forest produce, hunting, and fishing and by terrace farming. In Payyanadam village terrace farming, often known as terracing, is a significant source of income for many hillside farmers.Terracing is the process of dividing hilly or mountainous terrains into narrow, graduated steps, typically 2–3 m wide and 50–80 m long across the slopes, to facilitate the growth of field crops, horticultural crops, fodder, and other crops that require specific management practices (e.g., irrigation), either alone or in agroforestry systems.
To improve the  livelihood of people in Payyanadam, we have to emphasize the importance of using modern techniques of agriculture and horticulture, Organic agriculture, cash crops and others. We have to collaborated with, Banks and other financial institutions for business startup initiatives.
Merin Joy
AM.BT.U3BIT19129

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Unhygienic raised flooring system for pigs rearing by tribes

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According to the recently collected data 74.0 percent of families in Payyanadan village area belongs to below poverty line and 21.61 percent very poor and who are unable meet daily requirement of food. Most of the families are engaged in rearing of livestock activities.But due to poor genetic potentiality, less genetic response, lower breeding value, and greater variability in breeds of cattle it is not contributing much to the income of the villagers .The cattle dung is sold to the market after letting them get dried in the sun and it contributes a little to their income.Across the country, several tribal ethnic groups like people in Payyanadan village have been rearing livestock using various strategic scientific approaches but some practices are much unhygienic and  thus could become a potential factor behind the spread of several diseases among the community in future. Many researchers fail to address the livestock rearing status and economy of the tribal in hilly zones of Payyanadam due to a lack of data and the complexity of data documentation in remote areas or hilly regions, and also because these areas are remote and rarely influenced by development  , the availability of scientific documented data is very limited, especially on livestock rearing practices. As a result, they have been forced to deal with several obstacles in adopting new and scientific ways for advancement, which has resulted in a decrease in their annual income and standard of living when compared to their counterparts in other areas.
For schedule tribes, the government should launch new innovative livestock rearing programmes, which would improve the tribes' basic economic necessities.

Merin Joy
AM.BT.U3BIT19129

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There was a generation in the villages when people used to know how to differentiate between a organic and in- organic or moreover the methodology of disposing any waste. Though there was a time when only organic was only the waste produced , there was no need to worry about and that's how people of India cultivated a habit of throwing the waste where they sit. Now as the invent of materials which is manufactured or synthesized which is not healthy for nature, there need to be a strict categorization of wastes as there are more of commodities coming and packed-off with these materials its a challenging task and waste management has become a challenge because its more cheaper to acquire. i.e. plastics and other materials ... rather than leaves or organic materials used to cover.

Now we have a unique way of countering this and that is what self-sufficiency.
Plastics are completely banned though papers are permitted.  There are rules for disposal and the first one is
# any vicinity found with wastes,  the people around will be fined rather than the one who has littered it.
# Jute is a material which is commonly uses here as it is durable and every house hold is made sure that they have at least 2 bags with them.
# Everything here is natural or biodegradable, for eg: The tins, cans , spoons, etc. are made to be of wooden or other biodegradables.
# If there is a plastic at home the person disposing at the dispose center would be given money on the count of weight which is sent to recycling and the same money circulates.
# Bamboo is also a produce here which is widely used for farming and the drain of water supply in the village as terrace farming is a main farming method here.
# There are restrictions on some materials and though not everyone is checked but it will be strict.
# Anyone found dumping or burning wastes (harmful or non- harmful) will be penealsied heavily.
These are some of the small rules which holds our village's unique integrity.

Akash R
AM.EN.U4MEE19005

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Intercrops like turmeric and plantain in between coconut palms

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Crop rotation, intercrops and other traditional practices.

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Crop rotation, intercrops and other traditional practices.

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Our village uses various plants for crop rotation. The plants like leguminous plants [like all types of peas & grams], turmeric, ginger, yam, and vegetables are also used for crop rotation.
Also, fields of plantains, tapioca, and all are a common part of the farming culture in Payyanadam.
Coconut and Arecanut are also common sources of income for people here. It is 2 common crops they grow if they own even a small piece of land. These palm fields will have other crops like plantains and also vegetables in between them.
Also, all of them will grow pepper vines in all the large trees and palms in them
- Devanand MD
AM.EN.U4ECE19015

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Temples and festivals in villages are always closely knit with the culture and traditions of the village. Most villages will have their festivals with traditions and stories which are ages old.
Payyanadam also has a temple that is very old and it supports the life of many villagers. The temple has Lord Ayyappa as its deity.
The festival in the temple is a big event for all the villagers despite their caste or religion. It occurs in the month of Dhanu according to the Malayalam calendar. The festival rituals will be there for 10 days and the main festival which is called "Pooram" in Malayalam is 2 days long.
Also, the festival serves as the livelihood for many of the villagers who put up temporary shops. Also, the people who run permanent shops obtain a huge share of their annual income from the festival.
- Devanand MD
AM.EN.U4ECE19015

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Microbial fermentation Plant : Start up Plan for people in Payyanadam

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Microbial fermentation Plant : Start up Plan for people in Payyanadam

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For its pungency and flavour, pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is the most popular spice in the planet. Black, white, and green pepper fruits are commercially available. Black pepper is referred to as the "lord of spices." The Payyanadam people are fortunate to live in the hot and humid climate of the Western Ghats' sub-mountainous regions, which is ideal for its cultivation. White pepper, which is made by removing the outer layers of the pericarp from mature fruits, is preferred in Western countries over black pepper because of its mild flavour and lovely creamy white appearance.Because of the rising global demand for white pepper, a significant increase in white pepper output is urgently required.
There is increasing demand to replace some traditional processes with biotechnological processes involving microorganisms and enzymes. Enzymatic decortication is an effective method for white pepper production . However, the price of the commercial grade enzymes was too expensive, which hindered this method to be used extensively. Another alternative was to use microbial fermentation for the production of white pepper. This method demonstrates a greater capability in providing superior quality white pepper with a lower microbial load at a relatively short time.
Microbial fermentation tanks has to be constructed in the village for which the raw material the black pepper they cultivate.The isolation and characterization of  indigenous bacterial strain that is high active for fermentative production of white pepper(Piper nigrum L.) has to be done in our laboratories from the soil collected from the fields which could serve as a reservoir for such efficient microbes.
The white pepper cultivated could be then exported to western countries thus ensuring better income for the farmers here.
Merin Joy
AM.BT.U3BIT191929

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Landslide in Payyanadam village last year during the Monsoon season.

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Payyanadam Villagers living in the fear of Landslides in the Monsoon

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Payyanadam Villagers living in the fear of Landslides in the Monsoon

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The heart of the Payyanadam Village is at the hillside region located in the Western Ghats.The villagers are subjected to frequent landslides in the recent years during the monsoon season.On August 18, the hillside came crashing down on a Payyanadam village , burying a settlement. Overnight, the green, wooded landscape turned into a mangled mass of earth and roots.Many of the villagers lost their lives and many went missing.Many experts points out the changing pattern of rainfall in Kerala over the last few years, is paving its way to such recurring catastrophic events.
Merin Joy
AM.BT.U3BIT19129

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Other than temple festivals, traditional festivals are also a big thing in villages. Festivals like Onam and Vishu turn the village shops crowded.
These festivals which are celebrated among families consist of families cooking and enjoying different traditional games. The children will play many games which were played by their parents too in their childhood days. Common games include
These festivals make the villages to be happy and look forward to prosperity even if they are passing through their hardest times. These festivals give a light of hope.
- Devanand MD
AM.EN.U4ECE19015

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There is a cooperative bank in the village.It helps the villagers to keep their savings safe.It provides loans to villagers at a small interest rate.It prevents the villagers from taking loans from moneylenders and being cheated by them.
-Arya R N
AM.EN.U4CSE19209

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 Transportation Facility in Payyanadam Village

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 Transportation Facility in Payyanadam Village

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Access to transportation benefits the communities' economic development, health, and quality of life. People of Payyanadam require reliable transportation to access healthcare, consumer services, employment and educational opportunities, and social services. Unfortunately the transportation infrastructure is not much developed in the village.Due to frequent landslides and poor planning on the reconstruction of such facilities soon after the disaster, rural transport infrastructure—the local roads, tracks, footpaths, and bridges used to access farms, markets, water supplies, schools, and clinics—is often in poor condition for some or all of the year in Payyanadam village.
Merin Joy
AM.BT.U3BIT19129

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School is one of the important places in the village. All children of age from 6 to 15 attend the school. There are about 20 teachers in the school to teach in classes from 1 to 10.
The school has good labs and a library. Even the villagers are allowed to come and read books from the library. In the evening, children play games on the ground in the school. They are given training in different sports.
There are many fruit trees near the classrooms. Students enjoy playing under the trees and eating the fruits.
Each class has its own garden. School gives lunch to all students. The dishes are prepared using the vegetables from the students' garden. This enables the students to know more about farming and the environment.

- Arya R N
AM.EN.U4CSE19209

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The villagers depend on its river and also ponds as the main source for bath and day to day activities. The ponds are also a main source of entertainment for kids and teenagers as they enjoy playing in them with their friends.
The main problem for the ponds in villages is the increased growth of mosses in them. So the villagers clean it each year by all of them coming together.
Ponds are also the place where the villagers have a conversation with their co-villagers. The housewives normally take their clothes for washing in ponds and rivers. It is because not all of them can afford to buy and use washing machines.
- Devanand MD
AM.EN.U4ECE19015

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The situation of the pandemic has created a new way of schooling and this urges all students to have the required facilities to attend online classes.
Some parts of the village are lacking internet connections and also some parts which have internet connections are facing bad quality and frequent drops.
Also during rainy seasons, power outages and drop in network strength make it a huge problem for students to attend online classes. The village is very much near to the western ghats which pave to frequent and nonstop raining during the monsoon.
These problems force the students to move from their homes to houses of relatives or community centers in search of a good internet connection. These situations create a high chance of getting the virus from public areas.
The village is very far from an urban area and the population density is low. Also, the geography of the area urges for a larger infrastructure than normally needed. Due to these reasons, telecom service providers don't see it as a potential market. These are the main reasons for the area for not having good internet connections. Also, the connections provided
Another major problem is that most of the families are below the poverty line. So this creates an issue for the students to get good devices for studying. Also, the service for them, if any repair comes, is difficult because of the cost and also lack of repair centers. A lot of NGOs and philanthropic organizations and individuals are trying to help but it may not solve the issue entirely.
- Devanand MD
AM.EN.U4ECE19015

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There is a small clinic which is in the vicinity of the village. Severe cases a mostly referred to the medical college. Medical camps are conducted periodically to check if there is any serious health issues. Health care is a field where the village lacks development.
Sunish S
AM.EN.U4EEE19029

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Almost every house has electricity and the landline communications. One shop in the village has the availability of internet and a computer. Power outages are common since during rainy seasons and the power may go out for days. The government is making efforts so that every house in the village has electricity. As a part of this, a small solar farm has been introduced in the village.
Sunish S
AM.EN.U4EEE19029

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Clean drinking water is one of the most important thing that a village needs. Most houses have wells and some use water from the government. Since the village is located in a hilly area traditional wells cannot be easily made because of the presence of solid rocks in this area and therefore most houses have bore wells. The government also provides clean drinking water which is drawn from the nearby river. The water goes through a filtration system before it reaches the house for use.
Sunish S
AM.EN.U4EEE19029

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Since the village is rich of water bodies, boat services are the best and cheap rather more affordable means of transportation.

Akash R
AM.EN.U4MEE19005