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Aristotle made the laws of association, explains why we learn or remember things. Through this law had 3 smaller laws tied into it called the law of contiguity, similarity and contrast. Contiguity says that associate things that go with other things like when we hear thunder we think of lightning. Similarity is when we remember things other things come to mind as well. Lastly we have contrast when we think of something we think of the opposite.
https://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Laws+Of+Association

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-Visual representation of structuralism 

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Wilhelm Wundt's idea of structuralism was to analyze the adult mind by narrowing down the most simple components to the mind and putting them into bigger complex things. One big thing about structuralism was introspection, observations made under controlled conditions by observers using defined vocab. These observers would use introspection to try to find the most basic components.
Structuralism. (2018, April 16). Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/structuralism-psychology

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Functionalism focused on the how mental activities effected how an organism fits into their enviroment. Also another part of the meaning is how functionalists wanted to study the operation of the whole mind rather than the indiviudal parts. Functionalism has influenced behavioral and applied psychology and the develpoment of both.

Early Psychology—Structuralism and Functionalism. (n.d.). Lumen. Retrieved September 15, 2021, from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/waymaker-psychology/chapter/reading-structuralism-and-functionalism/

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This is Sigmund Freud, and he is the founder of psychoanalysis

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Psychoanalytic perspective focuses on the unconscious mind rather than the conscious mind. The theory is that past experiences in your unconscious mind determine your current behavior. So essentially memories that, may be or may not be significant to you now, play a role on how you express yourself and act. Psychoanalysis happens to be a form of therapy to help release built up emotions or memories.

Ackerman, C. E. A. (2020). Psychoanalysis: A Brief History of Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory. Positive Psychology. Published.

https://positivepsychology.com/psychoanalysis/

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This is John. B Watson who put forth effort into publicizing the theory of behaviorism.

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A theory where behavior is said to be learned and adapted from conditioning, which means to interact with the environment. Behavior is based on the belief that environmental stimuli shape our actions, and determine our overall activity. Also, behaviorism is linked to observable behavior, and can be reduced to a simple stimulus.

McLeod, S. M. (2020). Behaviorist Approach. Simply Psychology. Published.

https://www.simplypsychology.org/behaviorism.html

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Logo for the American Humanist Association

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Humanism is a progressive philosophy of life, without believing in God or other supernatural beliefs. Humanism affirms our ability and responsibility to lead ethical lives of personal fulfillment that aspires to the greater good. It is an approach to life based on reason and our common humanity. Humanism believes behavior is connected to their inner feelings. Humanism emphasizes looking at the whole individual and stresses concepts such as free will.

American Humanist Association. (n.d.). Definition of Humanism. Retrieved September 15, 2021, from https://americanhumanist.org/what-is-humanism/definition-of-humanism/

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This represents the brain and everything that goes on inside it.

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Cognitive psychology is the study of internal mental processes, or, in other words, all of the things that go on in your brain. How we learn and perceive. Our thinking and our memory. The study is relatively young, but it has become one of the most popular subfields. There are many uses for this type of psychology including helping cope with memory disorders, finding ways to help recover from a brain injury, and structuring educational curricula to enhance learning. Cognitive factors are internal to each person, they themselves influence their behaviors.

Cherry, K. (2019, November 4). Cognitive Psychology: The Science of How We Think. Verywellmind. https://www.verywellmind.com/cognitive-psychology-4157181

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Gestalt is known to be the school of thought. This played a major role in modern development, of the study of human perception and sensation. The school of thought looks into the human mind, and behavioral as a whole. This has changed throughout history, researcher of gestalt psychology have brought in new meanings for the study, like form, and meaning, and different elements that passed researchers didn't

Cherry, K. (2021, August 5). What Is the Gestalt Approach In Psychology? Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-gestalt-psychology-2795808

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Psychobiology helps to give insight into how biological processes help impact how people think and feel. And how some thoughts might stimulate neurochemical reactions in the body. It also looks into how your diet can affect your cognition.
Writter, S. (2021, April 28). WHat is Psychobiology? Best Counselling Degrees. https://www.bestcounselingdegrees.net/resources/psychobiology/

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SOciocultural theory was developed by Lev Vygotsky, A Russian literacy critic, who said that relationships can transform the mental and cognitive functions of a human being. Functions do not just exist in the mind, but are developed by people around them and behaviors learned from being around others. Social interactions can influence behaviors in people. , Sociocultural theory. (n.d.). Communication Theory. Retrieved September 28, 2021, from https://www.communicationtheory.org/sociocultural-theory/