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In 1492 Queen Isabelle kicked out the Moores and said that

the only people who could live in Spain were white. This was the

first example of a nation state.

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French Revolution got rid of monarchy and aristocracy the the revolution provided a set of ideas. Led to people getting introduced to Liberty, Fraternity and Equality, and also created the document of the declaration of the rights of man and citizen, which is a combination of the Amercian Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights.

These ideals weren't met by the France right away however, impacted elsewhere to help introduce the idea that all people should be equal by the law, and the protect their rights from government actions.

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Democracy is... Animation by Lukasz Szozda

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Equal rights, Started in Athens ,

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Founded by the Greeks, 2500 years ago

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People's views matter to the government

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All citizens can vote

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To allow a colony to become independent (e.g. The decolonisation of Africa).

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Changes in Africa's flags and borders from 1950-2011

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Defined as; A territory with a sovereign government,

made up of people sharing a common culture, history &

language.

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Modernity is the practice Of being modern in a particular era of time. First arose in post-medieval Europe, where the people had the idea of questioning and rejecting traditions and prioritised on the ideas of freedom and individualism

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- The industrial Revolution (18th- 19th Century) was a period when rural societies in Europe and America became urban.

- Prior to the revolution (in Britain) manufacturing of goods was done in people's homes using homemade tools and basic machinery.

- The Industrial Revolution was crucial due to the expansion of communities and trade.

- Industrial Revolution enhanced the standard of living for the middle and upper class, but the lower class worked in their (manufacturing) factories --> they had little job security and were replaceable.

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Slave trade : started in 1400

To justify the slave trade its supporters dehumanised the African race, used as slaves, hence they were called "black cattle". This led to Africans being thought of as an inferior race, the consequences of which can still be seen in acts of racism today.

Slaves became known as non people , which is why racism occurred especially between whites blacks and Indians.

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- Forming of a settlement or colony by a group of people who seek to take control of territories or countries.

- Europe first introduced colonisation around the 15th century (1450-1950).

- A treaty was formed and was known as Tordesillas.

- Soon after Spain and Portugal joined.