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Johanssan. “Caspians.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, December 30, 2021. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspians.

Chetioui, Hassan. “There Berbers of North Africa.” Les Berbres en Afrique du Nord, 2016. http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/berberes_Afrique.htm.

IWGIA. “The Indigenous World 2021: Morocco.” IWGIA, 2006. https://www.iwgia.org/en/morocco.html.

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. “World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Morocco.” Refworld, 2007. https://www.refworld.org/docid/4954ce4cc.html.

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Transcaucasia, where the Caspians resided

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Caspians is the name of an ancient people who lived along the Caspian Sea's southwestern shore, whether north or south of the river Kura. The name is not found in Old Iranian; it may survive in the name of Qazvn, which is located at the crossroads of multiple routes entering into the region via the most easily doable pass across the Alborz mountains. This people gave their name to the Caspian Sea, the Caspian mountain(s), and the so-called Caspian Gates.

The Caspians have traditionally been regarded as a pre-Indo-European, i.e. pre-Iranian, people, with some researchers even identifying them with the Kassites. Onomastic evidence for this site has now been unearthed in Egyptian Aramaic papyri, where many Caspians are mentioned as belonging to the garrison there, helping cement the idea that they migrated over to Northern Africa and the Amazigh people came from them.

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Moroccan Baghrir (heavily inspired from Amazigh cuisine)

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Moroccan Tagine (heavily inspired from Amazigh cuisine)

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Moroccan Couscous (heavily inspired from Amazigh cuisine)

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Berber food is a traditional meal that hasn't changed much through the years. It varies from place to place and across and within Berber communities.

Couscous, a semolina staple meal, is the main Berber food. Tajine, a type of stew that comes in a variety of styles; Pastilla, a meat pie historically prepared with squab (fledgling pigeon), but now commonly made with chicken. Bread baked with old-fashioned yeast; Bouchiar are fine yeastless wafers that have been steeped in butter and natural honey. Bourjeje, a flour, egg, yeast, and salt pancake; Baghrir is a light and spongy pancake made of flour, yeast, and salt that is served hot and drenched in butter and tment ('honey'). Tahricht is a dish made from sheep offal (brains, tripe, lungs, and heart) coiled up with the intestines and cooked over coals in specially built ovens.

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Traditional Berber jewelry is a type of jewelry that was traditionally worn by women and girls from various rural Berber populations in Morocco, Algeria, and other North African countries. It is typically made of silver and features intricate triangular plates and pins that were initially used as clasps for clothes, necklaces, bracelets, earrings, and other related goods. These forms of jewelry are now made in modern versions and sold as a commercial product of ethnocultural fashion.

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Map of where the majority of each Berber sub-group resides

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Amazigh women lining up for a protest in Morocco for job rights in Larache

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In most weddings, the man chooses the woman, although depending on the tribe, the family may make the selection. In Tuareg tradition, on the other hand, the woman picks her future husband. Each tribe has its own set of marital traditions. Depending on the tribe, families are either patriarchal or matriarchal.

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Berbers' ancient social structure has mostly been tribal. To command the tribe, a leader is chosen. The majority of Berber tribes currently have men as heads of the tribe. However, many women wielded power throughout the ages, including Dihya and Tazoughert Fatma in the Aurès Mountains, Tin Hinan in the Hoggar, Chemci in At Iraten Fatma Tazoughert in the Aurès, and Lalla Fatma N'Soumer, who was a Kabylian Berber woman who battled against the French.

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The Amazigh or Imazaghen (Arabic: أمازيغ) are an indigenous people indigenous to North Africa, notably Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, as well as Mauritania, northern Mali, and northern Niger to a lesser extent. Berber communities also are present in Burkina Faso and Egypt's Siwa Oasis, albeit in smaller numbers. Berber nations have historically spoken Berber languages, which are a part of the Afroasiatic language family.

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Morocco has been a unified state with centralized power, one religion, a single language, and systematic marginalization of the Amazigh identity for decades. Morocco's administrative and legal systems are predominantly Arabic, and the Amazigh traditions and culture are under pressure to adapt. Although the Amazigh identity and language are formally recognized in the 2011 Constitution, guidelines on how Tamazight will be officially implemented, as well as procedures for introducing it into teaching and also as an official language, are waiting approval.