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By treating history as an interpretative AOK, we can analyze a system of cause and effect that allows us to perceive how things between people happen. History can be assumed as a source where we can learn from our mistakes, ensuring the worst of the past is not repeated.

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There will always be a bias depending on the author's beliefs as well as the environment that they were raised in.  Other than bias, a historian has a better understanding of their own culture and therefore can contribute much more through the context of their own.

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The statement itself implies that the current historical knowledge may have some error in it. We can not know for certain if we were not there during that time. Evidence is one way to help us prove our theory about the past. Wrong calculations or interpretations can also impact how we see the past.

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The 1st only sees the events as-is and doesn’t look to deep in how things happen, only saying that it did happen. The 2nd tries to see the deeper reasoning, the other events that may tie to this one event, trying to discover the whole truth of what happened.

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The difference is that if we considered history only as a recording of all past events, it wont do any good in the future. People will only see history as a nostalgic events and thats it, not something that we can learn. We believe that the purpose of history is to be analyzed and learned of why and how something happens. So that if it's a horrible history in the future we already knows how to prevent it.

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i dont think seeing history only as a recording of past event is consider as a useful knowledge, the purpose of studying history at the first place is to gather and produce knowledge of the recorded past, Historians gather documentary evidence in order to come to the best possible interpretation, history gives us thetools to analyze and explain problem in the past so whats the point of studying if we couldnt implement it in now days

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It effects their outlook on the events, and in return, makes them susceptible to their own cultural biases.

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History and the happenings within isn't black or white. it is rather grey, There are no right answers but rather different versions of the truth. This concept recognises both the subjective nature of historical evidence and the validity of multiple narrators.

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It would make them biased towards certain events that has occured because they would support where they come from more than what has actually happened. In the video about Herodotus also explain that Herodotus history is often put in favors of the greece so people ask the objectivity and the validity of his version of history.

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Different versions means different perspectives. Different perspectives means biases are less likely to cover the truth. by tracking which part of the event is consistent, we will be able to see and understand the events.

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Bigger historical events tend to have more participants from different countries and cultures which can lead to different perspectives of the event. To get a objective view of the event, we should compare all perspectives and find a connecting thread that clears the ambiguity.

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it implies that the events that we believe have occurred may be tainted with partially false events - events that may not have actually taken place. however, it is to be expected as the knowledge has been passed down many generations and therefore, more iterations of the same story will always be different whether it is missing info or adding information. Additionally "history is written by its victors" is a major factor of potential uncertainties in historical knowledge.

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Eye-witness accounts, hearsay, traditions, and reasoning are his tools for writing history. We can still use these tools to write down more recent events and discoveries of the past to continuously write history.

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it implies that our current historical knowledge, despite maybe being more factual than before, can still be filled with biases.

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It's important to have more than one resource to obtains knowledge especially history so that the outcome of the knowledge wasn't objective. We believe that it's almost impossible maybe impossible for someone to stay completely neutral on explaining something. Everyone has it's own bias. So than to obtain knowledge about an event, we need more than one record of it's. Even better if we could get knowledge from both opposite sides.

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Seeing for one's self (autopsy)
Eye witness accounts (Opsis)
Hearsay (Akoe)
Tradition (Talegomena)
Reason (Gnome)

It is important to use those methods nowadays since we could get more evidence from different points of view of what actually happened and collect the common data.

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Autopsy: seeing for one's self
Opsis: Eyewitness accounts
Akoe: hearsay
Talegomena: tradition
Gnome: reason

Autopsy is the base principle for the common phrase "seeing is believeing", whereas Opsis is how a lot of people can testify for an event without having much evidence except for their own witness. Akoe means hearing, or to hear people talk about an event that they took place in, or witnessed. Talegomena is the tradition or tales of a tradition that dictates that one day an event will happen based on belifs or history, and Gnome is used by more scientific people who chose to find a reason as to why an event occured.

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Winston churcill once said that "history are written by victors". It implys that the current historical knowledge that we have, may or may not in accordance to what really happens. History can be manipulated by people who "wins" the historical events. Especially if the history that were represented to us nowadays are all written based on hearsay. People who retells the story may change what really happens or maybe makes it more dramatic.

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Our culture shapes the way we work and play, and it makes a difference in how we view ourselves and others. It affects our values—what we consider right and wrong. makes them susceptible to their own cultural biases. even a lot of historians got their title due to their culture and therefore people ask for their validity and analyzation about the culture they uphold. but some historians do teach using multiple perspectives or finding both primary and secondary sources on the same historical era or event that reveal the different opinions or points of view that exist on this topic, both in the original historical context and today.

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Herodotus was known as the father of history due to his investigation about the past, he collected what he called "autopsies", or "personal inquires" he listened to myths and legends, recorded oral histories and made notes of the places and things he saw