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The integumentary system is the skin, hair, nails, glands, and nerves. Its main function is to act as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world. It functions to retain body fluids, protect against disease, eliminate waste products, and regulate body temperature.

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The integumentary system protects the body's internal living tissues and organs, protects against invasion by infectious organism, and protects the body from dehydration. The skin and accessory structures perform a variety of essential functions, such as protecting the body from invasion by microorganisms, chemicals, and other environmental factors; preventing dehydration; acting as a sensory organ; modulating body temperature and electrolyte balance; and synthesizing vitamin D. The underlying hypodermis has important roles in storing fats, forming a “cushion” over underlying structures, and providing insulation from cold temperatures.

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The epidermis of thick skin has five layers: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.

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The stratum spinosum is a layer of the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale. Their spiny appearance is due to shrinking of the microfilaments between desmosomes that occurs when stained with H&E.

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The stratum granulosum is a thin layer of cells in the epidermis.

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The stratum lucidum is a thin, clear layer of dead skin cells in the epidermis

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In stratum basale, the cells are germinating; in granulosum, the cells are dying by undergoing nuclear degeneration; in lucidum, the cells are dead; in corneum, the cells are dead and are continuously shedding

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The stratum corneum is the outer layer of your epidermis. It's made up of mostly keratin and lipids.

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The stratum basale is a single row of columnar or cuboidal cells resting on the basement membrane zone that separates the epidermis from the dermis